Sub-chord diagrams of knot projections

zbMATH Open1348.57015arXiv2005.00298MaRDI QIDQ3458486FDOQ3458486

Authors: Noboru Ito, Yusuke Takimura 

Publication date: 18 December 2015

Abstract: A chord diagram is a circle with paired points with each pair of points connected by a chord. Every generic immersed spherical curve provides a chord diagram by associating each chord with two preimages of a double point. Any two spherical curves can be related by a finite sequence of three types of local replacement RI, RII, and RIII, called Reidemeister moves. This study counts the difference in the numbers of sub-chord diagrams embedded in a full chord diagram of any spherical curve by applying one of the moves RI, strong RII, weak RII, strong RIII, and weak RIII defined by connections of branches related to the local replacements (Theorem 1). This yields a new integer-valued invariant under RI and strong RIII that provides a complete classification of prime reduced spherical curves with up to at least seven double points (Theorem 2, Fig. 24): there has been no such invariant before. The invariant expresses the necessary and sufficient condition that spherical curves can be related to a simple closed curve by a finite sequence of RI and strong RIII moves (Theorem 3). Moreover, invariants of spherical curves under flypes are provided by counting sub-chord diagrams (Theorem 4).

Full work available at URL: https://arxiv.org/abs/2005.00298

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zbMATH Keywords

spherical curvesReidemeister moveschord diagrams

Mathematics Subject Classification ID

Embeddings and immersions in PL-topology (57Q35)

Cited In (10)

• LR number of spherical closed curves
• New deformations on spherical curves and Östlund conjecture
• A complete invariant for doodles on a 2-sphere
• The reductivity of spherical curves
• Crosscap number of knots and volume bounds
• Space of chord diagrams on spherical curves
• A distance on the equivalence classes of spherical curves generated by deformations of type RI
• Arrow diagrams on spherical curves and computations
• Based chord diagrams of spherical curves
• When can a link be obtained from another using crossing exchanges and smoothings?

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