Fully Covariant and Conformal Formulation of the Z4 System Compared to the BSSN Formulation in Spherical Symmetry

DOI10.1007/978-3-319-10488-1_17MaRDI QIDQ3463601zbMATHOpenAlexFDO

Authors Nicolas Sanchis-Gual, Pedro Montero, José A. Font, E. Mueller, Thomas W. Baumgarte

Publication date 19 January 2016

Published in Gravitational Wave Astrophysics (Search for Journal in Brave)

Full work available at URL https://arxiv.org/abs/1403.3653

zbMATH Keywords

black holeEinstein equationpartially-implicit Runge-Kutta (PIRK) method

Mathematics Subject Classification ID

Einstein's equations (general structure, canonical formalism, Cauchy problems) (83C05) Black holes (83C57) Computational methods for problems pertaining to relativity and gravitational theory (83-08)

Abstract: We adopt a reference-metric approach to generalize a covariant and conformal version of the Z4 system of the Einstein equations. We refer to the resulting system as ``fully covariant and conformal", or fCCZ4 for short, since it is well suited for curvilinear as well as Cartesian coordinates. We implement this fCCZ4 formalism in spherical polar coordinates under the assumption of spherical symmetry using a partially-implicit Runge-Kutta (PIRK) method and show that our code can evolve both vacuum and non-vacuum spacetimes without encountering instabilities. Our method does not require regularization of the equations to handle coordinate singularities, nor does it depend on constraint-preserving outer boundary conditions, nor does it need any modifications of the equations for evolutions of black holes. We perform several tests and compare the performance of the fCCZ4 system, for different choices of certain free parameters, with that of BSSN. Confirming earlier results we find that, for an optimal choice of these parameters, and for neutron-star spacetimes, the violations of the Hamiltonian constraint can be between 1 and 3 orders of magnitude smaller in the fCCZ4 system than in the BSSN formulation. For black-hole spacetimes, on the other hand, any advantages of fCCZ4 over BSSN are less evident.

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Cites work

• Constraint damping in the Z4 formulation and harmonic gauge
• Covariant formulations of Baumgarte, Shapiro, Shibata, and Nakamura and the standard gauge
• Evolution of three-dimensional gravitational waves: harmonic slicing case
• Numerical integration of Einstein's field equations

Cited in

(8)

• Stability analysis and improvement of the covariant BSSN formulation against the FLRW spacetime background
• On GLM curl cleaning for a first order reduction of the CCZ4 formulation of the Einstein field equations
• Constraint damping in the Z4 formulation and harmonic gauge
• On the stability of covariant BSSN formulation
• fCCZ4
• GRChombo: numerical relativity with adaptive mesh refinement
• Spherical symmetry as a test case for unconstrained hyperboloidal evolution II: gauge conditions
• BSSN equations in spherical coordinates without regularization

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