Fully Covariant and Conformal Formulation of the Z4 System Compared to the BSSN Formulation in Spherical Symmetry

DOI10.1007/978-3-319-10488-1_17zbMATH Open1329.83052arXiv1403.3653OpenAlexW23418159MaRDI QIDQ3463601FDOQ3463601

Authors: Nicolas Sanchis-Gual, Pedro Montero, José A. Font, E. Mueller, Thomas W. Baumgarte 

Publication date: 19 January 2016

Published in: Gravitational Wave Astrophysics (Search for Journal in Brave)

Abstract: We adopt a reference-metric approach to generalize a covariant and conformal version of the Z4 system of the Einstein equations. We refer to the resulting system as ``fully covariant and conformal", or fCCZ4 for short, since it is well suited for curvilinear as well as Cartesian coordinates. We implement this fCCZ4 formalism in spherical polar coordinates under the assumption of spherical symmetry using a partially-implicit Runge-Kutta (PIRK) method and show that our code can evolve both vacuum and non-vacuum spacetimes without encountering instabilities. Our method does not require regularization of the equations to handle coordinate singularities, nor does it depend on constraint-preserving outer boundary conditions, nor does it need any modifications of the equations for evolutions of black holes. We perform several tests and compare the performance of the fCCZ4 system, for different choices of certain free parameters, with that of BSSN. Confirming earlier results we find that, for an optimal choice of these parameters, and for neutron-star spacetimes, the violations of the Hamiltonian constraint can be between 1 and 3 orders of magnitude smaller in the fCCZ4 system than in the BSSN formulation. For black-hole spacetimes, on the other hand, any advantages of fCCZ4 over BSSN are less evident.

Full work available at URL: https://arxiv.org/abs/1403.3653

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zbMATH Keywords

black holeEinstein equationpartially-implicit Runge-Kutta (PIRK) method

Mathematics Subject Classification ID

Einstein's equations (general structure, canonical formalism, Cauchy problems) (83C05) Black holes (83C57) Computational methods for problems pertaining to relativity and gravitational theory (83-08)

Cites Work

• Constraint damping in the Z4 formulation and harmonic gauge
• Evolution of three-dimensional gravitational waves: Harmonic slicing case
• Numerical integration of Einstein’s field equations
• Covariant formulations of Baumgarte, Shapiro, Shibata, and Nakamura and the standard gauge

Cited In (4)

• Constraint damping in the Z4 formulation and harmonic gauge
• GRChombo: numerical relativity with adaptive mesh refinement
• Spherical symmetry as a test case for unconstrained hyperboloidal evolution II: gauge conditions
• fCCZ4

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