Loops with exponent three in all isotopes

DOI10.1142/S0218196715500356zbMATH Open1337.20075arXiv1103.0054OpenAlexW2964332984MaRDI QIDQ3466809FDOQ3466809

Authors: Ian M. Wanless, Michael K. Kinyon 

Publication date: 25 January 2016

Published in: International Journal of Algebra and Computation (Search for Journal in Brave)

Abstract: It was shown by van Rees cite{vR} that a latin square of order $n$ has at most $n^2(n-1)/18$ latin subsquares of order $3$. He conjectured that this bound is only achieved if $n$ is a power of $3$. We show that it can only be achieved if $$. We also state several conditions that are equivalent to achieving the van Rees bound. One of these is that the Cayley table of a loop achieves the van Rees bound if and only if every loop isotope has exponent $3$. We call such loops emph{van Rees loops} and show that they form an equationally defined variety. We also show that (1) In a van Rees loop, any subloop of index 3 is normal, (2) There are exactly 6 nonassociative van Rees loops of order $27$ with a non-trivial nucleus and at least 1 with all nuclei trivial, (3) Every commutative van Rees loop has the weak inverse property and (4) For each van Rees loop there is an associated family of Steiner quasigroups.

Full work available at URL: https://arxiv.org/abs/1103.0054

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zbMATH Keywords

Latin squaresquasigroupsfinite loopsloop isotopesvan Rees loops

Mathematics Subject Classification ID

Orthogonal arrays, Latin squares, Room squares (05B15) Loops, quasigroups (20N05)

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Cited In (4)

• Bounds on the number of small Latin subsquares
• Enumeration of exponent three IP loops
• An isotopically invariant property of automorphic Moufang loops
• Overlapping Latin subsquares and full products.

Uses Software

• GAP
• Prover9
• Mace4
• LOOPS

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