The algebra of grand unified theories

DOI10.1090/S0273-0979-10-01294-2MaRDI QIDQ3576996zbMATH OpenOpenAlexWikidataFDO

Authors John Baez, John Huerta

Publication date 3 August 2010

Published in Bulletin of the American Mathematical Society (Search for Journal in Brave)

Full work available at URL https://arxiv.org/abs/0904.1556

zbMATH Keywords

intertwining operatorsymmetry breakingquarkstandard modelunificationgauge groupisospingauge bosonsgrand unified theorycolorDirac spinorSpin(10)SU(5)flavorhyperchargePati-Salam modelfundamental fermionsGell-Mann-Nishijima formula

Mathematics Subject Classification ID

Applications of group representations to physics and other areas of science (20C35) Applications of Lie groups to the sciences; explicit representations (22E70) Research exposition (monographs, survey articles) pertaining to quantum theory (81-02) Finite-dimensional groups and algebras motivated by physics and their representations (81R05) Symmetry breaking in quantum theory (81R40) Strong interaction, including quantum chromodynamics (81V05) Unified quantum theories (81V22)

Abstract: The Standard Model of particle physics may seem complicated and arbitrary, but it has hidden patterns that are revealed by the relationship between three "grand unified theories": theories that unify forces and particles by extending the Standard Model symmetry group U(1) x SU(2) x SU(3) to a larger group. These three theories are Georgi and Glashow's SU(5) theory, Georgi's theory based on the group Spin(10), and the Pati-Salam model based on the group SU(2) x SU(2) x SU(4). In this expository account for mathematicians, we explain only the portion of these theories that involves finite-dimensional group representations. This allows us to reduce the prerequisites to a bare minimum while still giving a taste of the profound puzzles that physicists are struggling to solve.

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