Leptons, quarks, and gauge from the complex Clifford algebra C _6

DOI10.1007/S00006-018-0869-4MaRDI QIDQ1668583zbMATH OpenOpenAlexWikidataFDO

Authors Ovidiu C. Stoica

Publication date 29 August 2018

Published in Advances in Applied Clifford Algebras (Search for Journal in Brave)

Full work available at URL https://arxiv.org/abs/1702.04336

zbMATH Keywords

Clifford algebraquarks and leptonssymmetries of standard modelweak mixing angle

Mathematics Subject Classification ID

Clifford algebras, spinors (15A66) Applications of group representations to physics and other areas of science (20C35) Finite-dimensional groups and algebras motivated by physics and their representations (81R05) Weak interaction in quantum theory (81V15) Unified quantum theories (81V22)

Abstract: A simple geometric algebra is shown to contain automatically the leptons and quarks of a family of the Standard Model, and the electroweak and color gauge symmetries, without predicting extra particles and symmetries. The algebra is already naturally present in the Standard Model, in two instances of the Clifford algebra $mathbbCel{l}_6$, one being algebraically generated by the Dirac algebra and the weak symmetry generators, and the other by a complex three-dimensional representation of the color symmetry, which generates a Witt decomposition which leads to the decomposition of the algebra into ideals representing leptons and quarks. The two instances being isomorphic, the minimal approach is to identify them, resulting in the model proposed here. The Dirac and Lorentz algebras appear naturally as subalgebras acting on the ideals representing leptons and quarks. The resulting representations on the ideals are invariant to the electromagnetic and color symmetries, which are generated by the bivectors of the algebra. The electroweak symmetry is also present, and it is already broken by the geometry of the algebra. The model predicts a bare Weinberg angle $het{a}_W$ given by $si{n}^{2}het{a}_W=0.25$. The model shares common ideas with previously known models, particularly with Chisholm and Farwell, 1996, Trayling and Baylis, 2004, and Furey, 2016.

Review text

This article provides an algebraic description of the particle content of the Standard Model (SM) based on the complex Clifford Algebra \(\mathbb C\ell_6\) and its decomposition \(\mathbb C\ell (\chi^\dagger\oplus \chi)\) spanned by a complex three-dimensional vector space \(\chi\) and its dual \(\chi^\dagger\). First, a group theoretical motivation is given based on the gauge symmetries (internal degrees of freedom) of the SM and the space-time degrees of freedom (mass and spin). The patterns of the SM are explicitly broken down in Section 3 where the internal charges for the particle content are assigned and a unified charge space description is derived. In Section 4, details of the SM algebra are worked out leading to the Witt decomposition of \(\mathbb C\ell(\chi^\dagger\oplus\chi)\) as sum of spinors. In the course of the paper, the weak symmetry is represented in the same algebra (Section 5) and furthermore the electroweak symmetry (Section 7) leading to a definition of the weak mixing angle in terms of invariants. The interlude on the Dirac algebra in Section 6 give the transition from the Dirac to the Weyl representation used for the electroweak part. In Section 8, the unbroken ``electrocolor symmetry of the SM is investigated, \(\mathrm{SU}(3)_{\mathrm c}\times \mathrm U(1)_{\mathrm{em}}\). Finally, Section 9 fills the representations with Leptons and Quarks and summarizes nicely all the discrete properties if the SM particles in Table 5. Further remarks on the interplay of all (space-time and internal) symmetries are given in Section 10, and finally, in Section 11, future plans lined out, so the inclusion of more families and the possibility of a simplified description of the SM by a unified treatment as presented in this paper.

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Cited in

(22)

• A spin gauge model of a family of particles
• On pseudodynamics of internal degrees of freedom
• Leptons, quarks, and gauge symmetries, from a Clifford algebra
• Octonions, exceptional Jordan algebra and the role of the group F₄ in particle physics
• Three generations, two unbroken gauge symmetries, and one eight-dimensional algebra
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