Creating desired potentials by embedding small inhomogeneities

Abstract: The governing equation is

[a b l a^{2} + k^{2} - q (x)] u = 0

in

R^{3}

. It is shown that any desired potential

q (x)

, vanishing outside a bounded domain

D

, can be obtained if one embeds into D many small scatterers

q_{m} (x)

, vanishing outside balls

B_{m} := x : | x - x_{m} | < a

, such that

q_{m} = A_{m}

in

B_{m}

,

q_{m} = 0

outside

B_{m}

,

1 l e q m l e q M

,

M = M (a)

. It is proved that if the number of small scatterers in any subdomain

D e l t a

is defined as

N (D e l t a) := s u m_{x_{m} i n D e l t a} 1

and is given by the formula

N (D e l t a) = | V (a) |^{- 1} i n t_{D e l t a} n (x) d x [1 + o (1)]

as

a o 0

, where

V (a) = 4 p i a^{3} / 3

, then the limit of the function

u_{M} (x)

,

l i m_{a o 0} U_{M} = u_{e} (x)

does exist and solves the equation

[a b l a^{2} + k^{2} - q (x)] u = 0

in

R^{3}

, where

q (x) = n (x) A (x)

,and

A (x_{m}) = A_{m}

. The total number

M

of small inhomogeneities is equal to

N (D)

and is of the order

O (a^{- 3})

as

a o 0

. A similar result is derived in the one-dimensional case.

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