Block-circulant matrices with circulant blocks, Weil sums, and mutually unbiased bases. II. The prime power case

Abstract: In our previous paper cite{co1} we have shown that the theory of circulant matrices allows to recover the result that there exists

p + 1

Mutually Unbiased Bases in dimension

p

,

p

being an arbitrary prime number. Two orthonormal bases

m a t h c a l B, m a t h c a l B^{'}

of

m a t h b b C^{d}

are said mutually unbiased if

f o r a l l b i n m a t h c a l B, f o r a l l b^{'} i n m a t h c a l B^{'}

one has that

| bcdot b'| = frac{1}{sqrt d}

(

b c d o t b^{'}

hermitian scalar product in

m a t h b b C^{d}

). In this paper we show that the theory of block-circulant matrices with circulant blocks allows to show very simply the known result that if

d = p^{n}

(

p

a prime number,

n

any integer) there exists

d + 1

mutually Unbiased Bases in

m a t h b b C^{d}

. Our result relies heavily on an idea of Klimov, Munoz, Romero cite{klimuro}. As a subproduct we recover properties of quadratic Weil sums for

p g e 3

, which generalizes the fact that in the prime case the quadratic Gauss sums properties follow from our results.

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