Perturbation of complex polynomials and normal operators

DOI10.1002/MANA.200910837zbMATH Open1219.26014arXivmath/0611633OpenAlexW1994966289MaRDI QIDQ3655591FDOQ3655591

Authors: Armin Rainer 

Publication date: 8 January 2010

Published in: Mathematische Nachrichten (Search for Journal in Brave)

Abstract: We study the regularity of the roots of complex monic polynomials $P(t)$ of fixed degree depending smoothly on a real parameter $t$. We prove that each continuous parameterization of the roots of a generic $C^{i}nfty$ curve $P(t)$ (which always exists) is locally absolutely continuous. Generic means that no two of the continuously chosen roots meet of infinite order of flatness. Simple examples show that one cannot expect a better regularity than absolute continuity. This result will follow from the proposition that for any $t_0$ there exists a positive integer $N$ such that $tmapstoP(t_{0}pm(t-t_0{)}^N)$ admits smooth parameterizations of its roots near $t_0$. We show that $C^n$ curves $P(t)$ (where $n=degP$) admit differentiable roots if and only if the order of contact of the roots is $ge1$. We give applications to the perturbation theory of normal matrices and unbounded normal operators with compact resolvents and common domain of definition: The eigenvalues and eigenvectors of a generic $C^{i}nfty$ curve of such operators can be arranged locally in an absolutely continuous way.

Full work available at URL: https://arxiv.org/abs/math/0611633

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zbMATH Keywords

absolute continuityperturbation of normalregular roots of polynomials

Mathematics Subject Classification ID

Zeros of polynomials, rational functions, and other analytic functions of one complex variable (e.g., zeros of functions with bounded Dirichlet integral) (30C15) Perturbation theory of linear operators (47A55) Real polynomials: location of zeros (26C10) Functions whose values are linear operators (operator- and matrix-valued functions, etc., including analytic and meromorphic ones) (47A56)

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Cited In (14)

• Differentiable roots, eigenvalues, and eigenvectors
• Some regularities and singularities appearing in the study of polynomials and operators
• Denjoy-Carleman differentiable perturbation of polynomials and unbounded operators
• Perturbed normalizers and Melnikov functions
• Selections of bounded variation for roots of smooth polynomials
• Real perturbations of complex polynomials
• Quasianalytic multiparameter perturbation of polynomials and normal matrices
• Regularity of roots of polynomials
• Perturbation theory for normal operators
• Perturbations of polynomials with operator coefficients
• Smooth perturbations of the functional calculus and applications to Riemannian geometry on spaces of metrics
• A generalization of Puiseux's theorem and lifting curves over invariants
• Smooth roots of hyperbolic polynomials with definable coefficients
• Re-parameterizing and reducing families of normal operators

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