Maximal equilateral sets

Abstract: A subset of a normed space

X

is called equilateral if the distance between any two points is the same. Let

m (X)

be the smallest possible size of an equilateral subset of

X

maximal with respect to inclusion. We first observe that Petty's construction of a

d

-dimensional

X

of any finite dimension

d g e q 4

with

m (X) = 4

can be generalised to give

m (X o p l u s_{1} m a t h b b R) = 4

for any

X

of dimension at least 2 which has a smooth point on its unit sphere. By a construction involving Hadamard matrices we then show that for any set

G a m m a

,

m (e l l_{p} (G a m m a))

is finite and bounded above by a function of

p

, for all

1 l e q p < 2

. Also, for all

p i n [1, i n f t y)

and

d i n m a t h b b N

there exists

c = c (p, d) > 1

such that

m (X) l e q d + 1

for all

d

-dimensional

X

with Banach-Mazur distance less than

c

from

e l l_{p}^{d}

. Using Brouwer's fixed-point theorem we show that

m (X) l e q d + 1

for all

d

-dimensional

X

with Banach-Mazur distance less than 3/2 from

e l l_{i} n f t y^{d}

. A graph-theoretical argument furthermore shows that

m (e l l_{i} n f t y^{d}) = d + 1

. The above results lead us to conjecture that

m (X) l e q 1 + d i m X

for all finite-dimensional normed spaces

X

.

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