Every strongly summable ultrafilter on Z₂ is sparse
For a sequence \((x_n)_{n\in\omega}\) in an abelian group \(G\), \(\mathrm{FS}(x_n)_{n\in\omega}\) denotes the set \(\{\Sigma_{n\in F} x_n:F\in[\omega]^{<\omega}\}\). A free ultrafilter \(p\) on \(G\) is called strongly summable if, for every \(A\in p\), there exists a sequence \((x_n)_{n\in\omega}\) in \(G\) such that \(\mathrm{FS}(x_n)_{n\in\omega}\subseteq A\) and \(\mathrm{FS}(x_n)_{n\in\omega}\in p\). Under MA, strongly summable ultrafilters exist on every infinite abelian group, but their existence implies a \(P\)-point in \(\omega^*\) so cannot be established in ZFC (see [\textit{N. Hindman} et al., Mat. Stud. 10, No. 2, 121--132 (1998; Zbl 0934.22005)]). NEWLINENEWLINENEWLINE An ultrafilter \(p\) on \(G\) is called sparse if, for every \(A\in p\), there are two sequences \((x_n)_{n\in\omega}\) and \((y_n)_{n\in\omega}\) in \(G\) such that \((y_n)_{n\in\omega}\) is a subsequence of \((x_n)_{n\in\omega}\), \(\{x_n: n\in\omega\}\setminus \{y_n: n\in\omega\}\) is infinite, \(\mathrm{FS}(x_n)_{n\in\omega} \subseteq A\) and \(\mathrm{FS}(y_n)_{n\in\omega}\in p\).NEWLINENEWLINEAnswering a question from the preliminary version of [\textit{N. Hindman} et al., New York J. Math. 18, 835--848 (2012; Zbl 1257.54029)], the author proves that every strongly summable ultrafilter on the countable Boolean group \(\bigoplus \mathbb{Z}_{2}\) is sparse.
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