Strongly summable ultrafilters on N and small maximal subgroups of N
Other combinatorial set theory (03E05) Consistency and independence results (03E35) Density, gaps, topology (11B05) Structure of topological semigroups (22A15) Cardinality properties (cardinal functions and inequalities, discrete subsets) (54A25) Extensions of spaces (compactifications, supercompactifications, completions, etc.) (54D35)
As is now well known, the Stone-Čech compactification \(\beta\) \({\mathbb{N}}\) of the discrete space \({\mathbb{N}}\) of positive integers can be given a natural semigroup structure which extends addition in \({\mathbb{N}}\). The general theory of compact semigroups guarantees the existence of idempotents in \(\beta\) \({\mathbb{N}}\), and for each idempotent p there is a largest subgroup H(p) which has p as its identity. It is not hard to prove that H(p) contains (algebraically) a copy of \({\mathbb{Z}}\) (its elements are of the form \(p+n\) with \(n\in {\mathbb{Z}}\), for \(p+n\) makes sense even when n is negative). However, \(\beta\) \({\mathbb{N}}\) is very large, and H(p) would be expected to be much larger. The author proves an extremely remarkable fact: it is consistent with the usual axioms of set theory that \(H(p)=p+{\mathbb{Z}}\), for some idempotents p. The key to this result is to consider strongly summable ultrafilters P on \({\mathbb{N}}\); this means that P has a basis of sets of the form \(FS(<x_ n>^{\infty}_{n=1})\), where for any sequence \(<x_ n>\) in \({\mathbb{N}}\), \(FS(<x_ n>)\) is the collection of distinct finite sums of elements of \(<x_ n>\), that is, \(FS(<x_ n>)=\{\sum_{n\in F}x_ n:\) F is a finite subset of \({\mathbb{N}}\}\). Every strongly summable ultrafilter is an idempotent, but the existence of such ultrafilters cannot be proved in ZFC. Using characteristically difficult and ingenious arguments, the author shows that if P is strongly summable then \(H(p)=p+{\mathbb{Z}}\).
- Free groups and semigroups in N
- Free groups in \(\beta\) N which miss the minimal ideal
- scientific article; zbMATH DE number 3647020 (Why is no real title available?)
- scientific article; zbMATH DE number 4031669 (Why is no real title available?)
- On Strongly Summable Ultrafilters and Union Ultrafilters
- Some filters of partitions
- Maximal groups in \(\beta S\) can be trivial
- Strongly summable ultrafilters on abelian groups
- Nearly prime subsemigroups of \(\beta\mathbb{N}\)
- Rado equations solved by linear combinations of idempotent ultrafilters
- Strongly summable ultrafilters, union ultrafilters, and the trivial sums property
- Strongly productive ultrafilters on semigroups
- Subsemigroups of S containing the idempotents
- The Existence of Almost Translation Invariant Ultrafilters on Any Semigroup
- Every strongly summable ultrafilter on \(\bigoplus \mathbb Z_{2}\) is sparse
- scientific article; zbMATH DE number 4031669 (Why is no real title available?)
- scientific article; zbMATH DE number 2236688 (Why is no real title available?)
- Semigroups in which all strongly summable ultrafilters are sparse
This page was built for publication: Strongly summable ultrafilters on \({\mathbb{N}}\) and small maximal subgroups of \(\beta\) \({\mathbb{N}}\)
Report a bug (only for logged in users!)Click here to report a bug for this page (MaRDI item Q752863)
