1-cocycles on the group of contactomorphisms on the supercircles S^1|1 and S^1|2 generalizing the Schwarzian derivative
The supercircle \(S^{1|m}\) is defined as the circle \(S^1\) endowed with the sheaf of the supercommutative associative algebra of superfunctions \(C^\infty(S^1)[\xi]\), that is, \(S^{1|m}\) admits local coordinates \(t=(x,\xi)\), where \(x\) is a local coordinate on \(S^1\) and \(\xi=(\xi_1,\dots,\xi_m)\) satisfies \(\xi_i^2=0\) and \(x\xi_i=\xi_i x\). A superfunction \(f\) is of the form \(f(x,\xi_1,\dots,\xi_m)=f_0(x)+\sum\limits_{i=1}^m\xi_if_i(x)\) with \(f_0\), \(f_i\in C^\infty(S^1)\). The standard contact structure on \(S^{1|m}\) is given by the conformal class of the \(1\)-forms \(\alpha_m=dx+\sum\limits_{i=1}^m\xi_id\xi_i\) satisfying \(\alpha_m\wedge d\alpha_m\neq 0\). The subgroup \({\mathcal K}(m)\) of \(\text{Diff}(S^{1|m})\) preserving the contact structure is called the group of contactomorphisms. The Euclidean, affine, and projective geometries are defined on \(S^1\) by the symmetry groups \((\mathbb R,+)\), \((\text{Aff}(1,\mathbb R),\circ)\), and \((\text{PSL}(2,\mathbb R),\times)\), respectively, or equivalently, by their characteristic invariants: the distance, the distance-ratio, and the cross-ratio. From these invariants the three \(1\)-cocycles of the group \(\text{Diff}_+(S^1)\) of diffeomorphisms on the circle preserving the orientation with coefficients in the module of tensor densities \({\mathcal F}_\lambda(S^1)\) of degree \(\lambda=0,1,2\) are obtained. The Schwarzian derivative \( S(f)=\frac{f'}{f'}-\frac{3}{2}\left(\frac{f}{f'}\right)^{\!2}\) defined on the group \(\text{Diff}_+(S^1)\) is a projectively invariant \(1\)-cocycle with values in the space \({\mathcal Q}(S^1)\) of quadratic differentials. In other words, the Schwarzian derivative satisfies the equation \(S(f\circ g)=(g')^2\cdot S(f)\circ g+S(g)\) and \(S(f)=0\) if and only if \(f\in\text{PSL}(2,\mathbb R) \subset\text{Diff}(\mathbb{RP}^1)\simeq\text{Diff}(S^1)\).NEWLINENEWLINENEWLINEIn [Int. Math. Res. Not. 2008, Article ID rnn054, 47 p. (2008; Zbl 1145.53005)], \textit{J.~P.~Michel} and \textit{C.~Duval} extended geometries on \(S^1\) to the supercircles \(S^{1|1}\) and \(S^{1|2}\) and introduced one-cocycles of the group of contactomorphisms \({\mathcal K}(1)\) with values in tensor densities \({\mathcal F}_\lambda(S^{1|1})\) which allowed them to classify the cohomology spaces \(H^1({\mathcal K}(1),{\mathcal F}_\lambda(S^{1|1}))\). For \(m=2\) they obtained the super-Schwarzian derivative from the even cross-ratio as a projection to \({\mathcal F}_1(S^{1|2})\) of a \({\mathcal K}(2)\) one-cocycle with values in quadratic differentials \({\mathcal Q}(S^{1|2})\). Let \({\mathcal D}_{\lambda,\mu}(S^1)\) be be the space of linear differential operators acting from the space of \(\lambda\)-tensor densities \({\mathcal F}_{\lambda}(S^1)\) to \({\mathcal F}_{\mu}(S^1)\).NEWLINENEWLINEIn this paper, the authors construct three cocycles on \({\mathcal K}(m)\), \(m=1,2\), with values in the space of linear differential operators \({\mathcal D}_{\lambda,\mu}(S^{1|m})\) acting from \({\mathcal F}_{\lambda}(S^{1|m})\) the space of \(\lambda\)-tensor densities \({\mathcal F}_{\lambda}(S^{1|m})\) to \({\mathcal F}_{\mu}(S^{1|m})\) and satisfying the main property of the super-Schwarzian derivative.
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