Evidence and plausibility in neighborhood structures

DOI10.1016/J.APAL.2013.07.007MaRDI QIDQ392275zbMATH OpenOpenAlexWikidataFDO

Authors David Fernández-Duque, Eric Pacuit, Johan van Benthem

Publication date 13 January 2014

Published in Annals of Pure and Applied Logic (Search for Journal in Brave)

Full work available at URL https://arxiv.org/abs/1307.1277

zbMATH Keywords

modal logicdoxastic logicevidence-based reasoningneighborhood semanticsplausibility ordering

Mathematics Subject Classification ID

Modal logic (including the logic of norms) (03B45) Temporal logic (03B44) Combined logics (03B62) Categoricity and completeness of theories (03C35)

Abstract: The intuitive notion of evidence has both semantic and syntactic features. In this paper, we develop an {em evidence logic} for epistemic agents faced with possibly contradictory evidence from different sources. The logic is based on a neighborhood semantics, where a neighborhood $N$ indicates that the agent has reason to believe that the true state of the world lies in $N$. Further notions of relative plausibility between worlds and beliefs based on the latter ordering are then defined in terms of this evidence structure, yielding our intended models for evidence-based beliefs. In addition, we also consider a second more general flavor, where belief and plausibility are modeled using additional primitive relations, and we prove a representation theorem showing that each such general model is a $p$-morphic image of an intended one. This semantics invites a number of natural special cases, depending on how uniform we make the evidence sets, and how coherent their total structure. We give a structural study of the resulting `uniform' and `flat' models. Our main result are sound and complete axiomatizations for the logics of all four major model classes with respect to the modal language of evidence, belief and safe belief. We conclude with an outlook toward logics for the dynamics of changing evidence, and the resulting language extensions and connections with logics of plausibility change.

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