scientific article; zbMATH DE number 15703

Riemann-Hilbert problems in context of PDEs (35Q15) Soliton equations (35Q51) Integro-partial differential equations (45K05) Correspondences and other transformation methods (e.g., Lie-Bäcklund) for PDEs on manifolds (58J72)

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[For the entire collection see Zbl 0703.00014.] The author considers a spectral 2 by 2 matrix Riemann-Hilbert problem whose associated evolution equations describe nonlinear wave propagation with nonpolynomial dispersion law. The starting point is the Riemann- Hilbert problem of determining a vector \(\psi(x,z)\), analytic in a strip, and bounded everywhere, with boundary values \[ \psi^{(+)}(x,z)=\psi(x+i\varepsilon,z),\quad\psi^{(- )}(x,z)=\psi(x+i\eta-i\varepsilon,z),\quad\varepsilon\to 0^ +,\quad\text{Im}(x)=0 \] related by an algebraic relation involving the Pauli matrix. A basic problem is, given a matrix \(V^{(2)}(x)\) and its corresponding Jost solution \(F^{(2)}(x,z)\), find a transformation \(V^{(2)}\to V^{(1)}\), induced by a linear transformation of the Jost solution, with additional conditions which guarantee that \[ F^{(1)}(x,z)=T(x,z)F^{(2)}(x,z)N(z),\quad\lim_{x\to- \infty}T(x,z)=[N(z)]^{-1}. \] A class of evolution equations is derived, associated with these R-H problems. \(V_ t\) is defined by \(V_ t=\sigma\gamma({\mathcal L},t)V\), where \(\gamma(z,t)\) is a polynomial of \(Z\) and \({\mathcal L}\) is the recursion operator \(\Lambda\), which equals \(V\) when \(V^{(1)}=V^{(2)}\). \({\mathcal L}\) satisfies the identity \[ \int^ \infty_{-\infty}dx([V,{\mathcal L}^ nV]/u)=0,\quad n=0,1,2,\ldots. \] Several examples of evolution equations of this type are given.

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