scientific article; zbMATH DE number 15990
[For the entire collection see Zbl 0711.00011.] Let \(P\in X(k)\) be an algebraic point on a regular arithmetic surface \(X/B\), \(B=\text{Spec} {\mathfrak O}_ k\), \(k\) a number field, \(F=k(P)\), \(B'=\text{Spec} {\mathfrak O}_ F\), \(i:B'\to E_ P\) the corresponding horizontal Arakelov prime divisor. In analogy to the arithmetic genus of algebraic curves the author defines the arithmetic discriminant \(d_ a(P)\) as \(d_ a(P)=\deg i^*\Omega_{E_ P/B}/[F:\mathbb{Q}]\) and, more generally, \(d_{a,S}(P)\) for \(S\subseteq B\) or \(B'\). Basic properties are proved in section 3, for instance, the arithmetic adjunction formula \(d_ a(P)=(E_ P\cdot E_ P+K_{X/B})/[F:\mathbb{Q}]\). These properties are used in section 4 to prove the following finiteness theorem for finite coverings \(f:C\to\mathbb{P}^ 1\) for curves \(C/k\) of genus \(g\): Theorem A. Assume that \[ g-1+s-s\sqrt g>(\deg f)(s-1)\leqno (1) \] for a positive integer \(s\). Then the set \(\{P\in C(\bar k)\); \([k(P):k]\leq s\) and \(k(f(P))=k(P))\}\) is finite. The result is immediately applied to \(s=2\), all curves of genus \(g\geq 18\) and hyperelliptic curves of genus \(g\geq 6\). In the first case there exists \(f\) satisfying (1) and in the hyperelliptic case one can take \(f\) to be the canonical projection \(C\to\mathbb{P}^ 1\) of degree 2. Section 2 deals with arithmetic divisors corresponding to torsion sheaves on arithmetic surfaces. But most of all the theorem A is a consequence of the inequalities \[ (2g-2+2s-2s\sqrt g)h(P)\leq(1+\varepsilon)d_ a(P)+O(1) \] for fixed positive integers \(s\) and real constants \(\varepsilon>0\), \(P\in C(\bar k)\) with \([k(P):k]\leq s\), where \(h\) denotes the canonical height on \(C(\bar k)\). For a proof the author refers to his parallel article ``Siegel's theorem in the compact case [Ann. Math., II. Ser. 133, No. 3, 509-548 (1991)].
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