scientific article; zbMATH DE number 16669
[For the entire collection see Zbl 0721.00007.] Let \(A=k[x_ 1,\ldots,x_ n]\) be a polynomial algebra in \(n\) variables over the algebraically closed characteristic zero field \(k\), let \(B\) be an affine integral domain over \(k\) containing \(A\) which is an unramified extension of \(A\), and let \(E\) be the field of fractions of \(B\) which is a finite extension of the fraction field \(k(x)\) of \(A\). The Jacobian conjecture asserts that if \(B\) is also an \(n\)-variable polynomial algebra over \(k\) then \(B=A\); the generalized Jacobian conjecture asserts the same conclusion if the following three conditions hold: \(B\) is \(A\) flat, the units of \(B\) are constants, and \(E\) is unirational. The derivations \(\partial_ i=\partial/\partial x_ i\) of \(k(x)\) extend to \(E\) and make \(E\) a module over the Weyl algebra \(W=k[x_ 1,\ldots,x_ n,\partial_ 1,\ldots,\partial_ n]\) with \(A\) and \(B\) submodules. The author considers the structure of \(B\) as a \(W\)-module and its implications for the (generalized) Jacobian conjecture. He shows that, if \(B\) is \(A\)-flat, then it is a cyclic \(W\)-module of finite length. The elements \(\varepsilon_{ij}=x_ i\partial_ j\) of \(W\) act on \(B\) as derivations and span a copy of \({\mathfrak gl}_ n(k)\) inside \(B\). Let \({\mathfrak G}\) be a Lie subalgebra of \({\mathfrak gl}_ n(k)\) and consider \(B\) as a module over the universal enveloping algebra \(U=U({\mathfrak G})\). It is shown that if \(\dim_ k({\mathfrak G})>n\) then \(B\) is a torsion \(U\)-module for \({\mathfrak G}=k(x_ 1\partial_ 1+x_ 2\partial_ 2)+k(x_ 2\partial_ 2)\); for \({\mathfrak G}=k(\partial)\) for and \(\partial\in{\mathfrak gl}_ 2(k)\); and for \({\mathfrak G}=k(x_ 1\partial_ 1)+k(x_ 2\partial_ 2)\). The proof of the latter uses Siegel's theorem on algebraic curves with infinitely many integer points and Fahey's theorem on gap series. Note that if \(B/A\) were torsion free for some three-dimensional \({\mathfrak G}\) then in view of the results above \(B\) would be equal to \(A\). Almost half the paper consists of \textit{appendices} which supply complete details on the results used about generator filtrations of affine \(k\)- algebras, about differential algebra, about the universal enveloping algebra of \({\mathfrak gl}_ 2(k)\) and about the results of Siegel and Fahey previously noted.
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