scientific article; zbMATH DE number 17919
\(L\)-seriescuspidal Maass formsdihedral representationLanglands correspondenceperturbation of cusp formsRankin-Selberg \(L\)-functionRankin-Selberg convolutionvanishing theorem
Holomorphic modular forms of integral weight (11F11) Forms of half-integer weight; nonholomorphic modular forms (11F37) Special values of automorphic (L)-series, periods of automorphic forms, cohomology, modular symbols (11F67) Representation-theoretic methods; automorphic representations over local and global fields (11F70) (L)-functions of varieties over global fields; Birch-Swinnerton-Dyer conjecture (11G40)
[For the entire collection Zbl 0728.00008.] Let \(L(s,f,g)\) denote the Rankin-Selberg \(L\)-function obtained by convolution of a holomorphic cusp form \(f\) for \(\Gamma_ 1(N)\) of weight \(k=2\) or 4, and a cuspidal Maass form \(g\) for \(\Gamma_ 1(M)\) with eigenvalue \(w(1-w)\geq 1/4\). The vanishing of \(L(s,f,g)\) at \(s=w+{k-1\over 2}\) is a necessary condition for survival of \(g\) as a cusp form under perturbation in the direction specified by \(f\). In the case \(k=4\) the cusp form \(f\) describes a family \(t\mapsto\Gamma_ t\) of discrete groups with value \(\Gamma_ 1(M)\) at \(t=0\). The question is whether \(g\) occurs as the value at \(t=0\) of a family \(t\mapsto g_ t\) of cuspidal Maass forms for this family of groups. The vanishing condition is derived in theorem 3.1 of \textit{R. S. Phillips} and \textit{P. Sarnak} [Invent. Math. 80, 339-364 (1985; Zbl 0558.10017)[. If \(f\) has weight 2 it describes a family of characters of the fixed group \(\Gamma_ 1(M)\). A similar vanishing condition can be derived. The author considers the case \(w=1/2\). He shows that there exist cuspidal Maass forms \(g\) for which \(L(k/2,f,g)=0\) for infinitely many holomorphic cusp forms \(f\) of weight 2 or 4. The Maass form \(g\) is obtained from a dihedral Galois representation \(\rho:\text{Gal}(\overline\mathbb{Q}/\mathbb{Q})\to GL_ 2(\mathbb{C})\) with even determinant \(\chi\) by means of the Langlands correspondence. The order of \(L(s,f,g)\) at the center \(s=k/2\) of the functional equation turns out to have the same parity as \({1\over 2}(1- \chi(N))\). This makes it possible to choose as many \(f\) as indicated.Note that this does not answer the question whether \(g\) really escapes ``annihilation under perturbation in the direction specified by \(f\). The paper proceeds with a discussion of other approaches to a vanishing result at \(s=k/2\). For other Galois representations \(\rho\) one might get the order of the zero at \(s=k/2\) with help of various conjectures from the existence of an elliptic curve \(E\) such that \(\rho\) occurs in the representation of \(\text{Gal}(\overline\mathbb{Q}/\mathbb{Q})\) on \(\mathbb{C}\otimes E(\overline\mathbb{Q})\). Examples of such elliptic curves are given. For the entire collection see [Zbl 0764.11036].
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