scientific article; zbMATH DE number 18750
[For the entire collection see Zbl 0728.00003.] The paper studies some classes of curves which are invariant under a given transform solving with this approach functional equations of the type \(\varphi (x + \varphi (x)) = P(\varphi (x))\), generalizing some previous results of Euler and J. Dhombres. Consider two real intervals \(I\) and \(J\), \(0 \in J\) and functions \(f : I \times J \to I\), \(g : I \times J \to J\) which are continuous and satisfy \(f(x,y) = x\) if and only if \(y = 0\), \(g(x,y) = 0\) if and only if \(y = 0\). Let \(F_ 1 = f\), \(G_ 1 = g\) and \(F_{n+1} (x,y) = f(F_ n(x,y), G_ n(x,y))\). If for all \((x,y)\) in \(I \times J\) the sequence \(F_ n\) converges (pointwise) in \(I\) to a function \(F\) continuous and invertible in its second variable and the functional equation \(\varphi (f(x, \varphi (x))) = g(x, \varphi (x))\) has a continuous solution \(\varphi : I \to J\), then there exists \(a \in [- \infty, \infty)\) and \(b \in (- \infty, + \infty]\) such that \(a \leq b\); if \(a \in \mathbb{R}\) for every \(x \in I \cap (- \infty, a)\), there is \(y \in J\) such that \(F(x,y) = a\), if \(b \in \mathbb{R}\) then for \(x \in I \cap (b, + \infty)\), there is \(y \in J\) such that \(F(x,y) = b\); if \(a < b\) then \(f(x, F(x,\;)^{-1} (a)) \leq a\) on \(I \cap (- \infty, a)\), \(f(x,F (x,\;)^{-1} (b)) \geq b\) on \(I \cap (b, + \infty)\) and \(\varphi (x) = F(x,\;)^{-1} (a)\) if \(x \in I \cap (- \infty, a)\), \(\varphi (x) = 0\) if \(x \in I \cap [a,b]\) and \(\varphi (x) = F(x,\;)^{-1} (b)\) if \(x \in I \cap (b, + \infty)\). The converse holds if \(a\) and \(b\) satisfy the above conditions. This key result is applied to several classes of functional equations.
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