scientific article; zbMATH DE number 15172
The author proves Deligne's conjecture on the Lefschetz trace formula for open varieties in some cases of dimension two. Let \(X\) be a smooth connected algebraic variety of dimension two defined over \(\mathbb{F}_q\) \((q=p^n)\), \(Fr_X\) its Frobenius morphism, and \(L\) a locally free sheaf of \(\Lambda\)-modules over \(X/\mathbb{F}_q\), where \(\Lambda\) is either a finite commutative ring of characteristic \(\ell\) or \(\overline{\mathbb{Q}}_\ell\). Assume that \(\ell\neq p\) and that, in the case \(\Lambda=\overline{\mathbb{Q}}_\ell\), \(L\) has finite monodromy. By a correspondence the author means a diagram of schemes \(X\xleftarrow{b_1} B \xrightarrow{b_2} X\) over an algebraically closed field \(k\) containing \(\mathbb{F}_q\) with \(b_1\) proper and \(b_2\) finite. Let \(B_n\) be the correspondence obtained from \(B\) by replacing \(b_1\) by \(Fr^n_Xb_1\) and denote by Fix\(B_n\) the set of fixed points of \(B_n\). Theorem: Let \(\kappa:b^*_1L\to b^*_2L\) be a morphism and denote by \(\kappa_n\) the composite \(Fr^n_Xb_1)^*L\to b^*_1L\to b^*_2L\) and by \(\deg_uB/X\) the multiplicity of \(u\) in the cycle \(b^*_2(b_2(u))\). There is a number \(n_0\) such that for \(n>n_0\) the following formula holds: If \(\Lambda=\overline{\mathbb{Q}}_\ell\), \(\text{Tr}(\overline\kappa_n| H^*_c(X,L))=\sum_{z\in\text{Fix} B_n}\deg_z(B/X)\text{Tr}(\kappa_n| L_{b_2(z)})\) and if \(\Lambda\) is finite, the same formula with \(H^*_c\) replaced by \(\mathbb{R}\Gamma\). \((\overline\kappa_n\) is the map induced on the cohomology by \(\kappa_n\otimes\gamma_{B_n}\), where \(\gamma_{B_n}:b^*_1\Lambda\to b_2'\Lambda\) is defined by the cycle \(B_n\).) The author proves this by reducing the problem to the case \(L=\overline{\mathbb{Q}}_\ell\) and \(\kappa=\text{id}\). This is done by choosing a connected étale Galois covering \(Y\) of \(X\) which trivializes \(L\).
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