scientific article; zbMATH DE number 15233
Local and nonlocal bifurcation theory for dynamical systems (37G99) Dynamical aspects of finite-dimensional Hamiltonian and Lagrangian systems (37J99) Other homology theories in algebraic topology (55N35) Abstract critical point theory (Morse theory, Lyusternik-Shnirel'man theory, etc.) in infinite-dimensional spaces (58E05) Hamilton's equations (70H05)
[For the entire collection see Zbl 0688.00009.] A symplectic manifold \((M,\omega)\) is a manifold \(M\) with a nondegenerate closed 2-form \(\omega\). Each smooth function \(H\) on \(M\) defines a so- called Hamiltonian vector field \(X_ H\) defined by \({X_ H}\lrcorner\omega=-dH\). If \(H\) is time-dependent, it will define a time- dependent Hamiltonian vector field. This paper concerns the existence of many periodic orbits of \(X_ H\) with integer period when \(H\) is time- periodic, i.e., \(H(x,t+1)=H(x,t)\). The main theorem is that if \(\pi_ 2(M)=0\) and all contractible 1-periodic solutions of the equation \(\dot x(t)=X_ H(x(t),t)\) have no root of unity as a Floquet multiplier, then there are infinitely many contractible periodic solutions with integer period, which are geometrically distinct. The method of the proof is to use the Floer homology defined by \textit{A. Floer} [J. Differ. Geom. 28, No. 3, 513-547 (1988; Zbl 0674.57027); Commun. Math. Phys. 120, No. 4, 575-611 (1989)]. The authors give a natural grading to the Floer homology using a version of the Maslov index for periodic orbits, which is well-defined with the assumption that \(\pi_ 2(M)=0\) and prove some iterated index formula. Using these, they conclude that the iterated 1-periodic solutions of \(\dot x(t)=X_ H(x(t),t)\) give rise only to a subcomplex of Floer's chain complex of the \(\tau\)-periodic solutions for any sufficiently large prime \(\tau\in \mathbb{Z}\), which yields infinitely many periodic solutions.
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