scientific article; zbMATH DE number 20766
Identifying the stable homotopy of the classifying space of the \(m\)-torus \(BT^ m\) with the bordism group of equivariantly framed free \(T^ m\)- manifolds, the \(m\)-fold \(S^ 1\)-transfer map \(\tau^{(m)}\) is defined by forgetting the \(T^ m\)-action. For several problems in homotopy theory and geometry it is interesting to know the image of \(\tau^{(m)}\). In this paper the author starts a new attempt to obtain information on \(\tau^{(2)}\) by relating it to modular forms. Let \(\Gamma\) be a subgroup of \(GL_ 2(\mathbb{Z})\), then \(\Gamma\) acts on \(T^ 2\) and the Borel construction \(X_ \Gamma:=E\Gamma\times_ \Gamma BT^ 2\) is defined. If for \(d\in\mathbb{N}\) the cohomological dimension of \(\Gamma\) over \(\mathbb{Z}[1/d]\) is less than 2, the author constructs for every \(u\) in \(H^ 1(\Gamma;\mathbb{Z}[1/d])\) a stable map \(j_ u:\Sigma X_ \Gamma\to S^ 0[1/d]\). The modular group \(\Gamma_ 0(2)=\{\left(\begin{matrix} a &b\\c &d\end{matrix}\right)\in Sl_ 2(\mathbb{Z})\mid c\equiv 0(2)\}\) is an example for this with \(d=2\) and the generator of \(H^ 1(\Gamma_ 0(2); \mathbb{Z}[1/2])\) defines a stable map \(j_{\text{mod}}:\Sigma X_{\Gamma_ 0(2)}\to S^ 0[1/2]\) which satisfies \(\text{im}(j_{\text{mod}})\subset \text{im}(\tau^{(2)})\) in \(\pi^ s_ *(S^ 0)[1/2]\). For \(\alpha=\left(\begin{matrix} a &b\\c &d\end{matrix}\right)\) an integral matrix with \(\text{det }\alpha>0\) the author defines Hecke operators \(T_ \alpha: X_ \Gamma\to X_ \Gamma\) and shows \(j_{\text{mod}}\circ(T_ \alpha-(l+1)/l)=0\), where \(\alpha=\left(\begin{matrix} 1 &0\\0 &l\end{matrix}\right)\) for a prime \(l\). Since this relation is similar to the standard relation between \(J\)-map and Adams operation, \(j_{\text{mod}}\) is called an analogue of the \(J\)-homomorphism. The relation to modular forms is as follows: There is a canonical splitting \(\pi^ s_ *(X_{\Gamma_ 0(2)})[1/2]\cong V^ +_ *\oplus V^ - _ *\) with \(j_{\text{mod}_ *}(V^ +_ *)=0\). Let \(M^ \mathbb{R}_ *(\Gamma_ 0(2))\) be the ring of modular forms for \(\Gamma_ 0(2)\) with real Fourier coefficients, then \(V^ -_{4n+1}\oplus\mathbb{R}\cong M^ \mathbb{R}_{4n+2}(\Gamma_ 0(2))\) by an isomorphism induced from the Eichler-Shimura homomorphism respecting the action of Hecke operators. (In (4.10) neglection of the torsion results in somewhat misleading formulation.) Finally, as an example, it is shown that for \(p=5\) the element \(\beta_ 1\) is in \(\text{im}(j_{\text{mod}})\).
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