scientific article; zbMATH DE number 125448

Publication date 21 February 1993

bananas surface embedding Kuratowski theorem Wagner homomorphism

Planar graphs; geometric and topological aspects of graph theory (05C10)

[For the entire collection see Zbl 0748.00023.] Let \(B_ 2\) be the pseudosurface resulting from contracting two distinct meridians of a torus to two distinct points. The central question of the paper is whether this surface admits a Kuratowski-type embedding theorem. The authors consider five relations on graphs. These arise from applying a sequence of fundamental operations to a graph. The operations include edge contractions, replacing a trihedral with a triangle, and replacing a double trihedral with a double triangle. The first of these relations turns out to be containment; the second, subdivision; and the third, the Wagner homomorphism for each of the five relations, there is a minimal set of graphs. The authors demonstrate that none of these minimal sets yields a Kuratowski-type theorem for embeddings in \(B_ 2\). The authors give a result in the direction of determining as many graphs as possible that are 3-connected and minimal under the Wagner homomorphism.

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