scientific article; zbMATH DE number 140116

Authors Robert W. Sternfeld, Carl E. Gordon, Rodolfo Tamez, David Koster, John Wilkens, Raymond B. Killgrove

Publication date 28 March 1993

[For the entire collection see Zbl 0747.00034.] This paper treats several topics dealing with Latin squares and planes. Section 2 develops local motions for sets of \(n+2\) \((n\geq 1)\) parallel classes. The motion carries an ordered \((n+2)\)-tuple of lines to another such set, such that the \(i\)-th line reamains in the \(i\)-th parallel class. Earlier local motions involved only 3 parallel classes. Section 3 deals with the new local motions in field planes. It is shown that a local motion on \(n+2\) parallel classes can be represented by a matrix acting on column vectors of \(n+2\) field elements. The effects of each local motion are summarized as before by a directed graph in which each vertex corresponds to a tuple of lines, and a directed edge from one vertex to another represents a local motion from the first tuple to the second. A table is given of all directed graphs for the first 7 odd prime field planes for four tuples of lines \((n=2)\) with the first parallel class, slope=0 and the last, slope=\(\infty\). Section 4 examines the question of when is a partial plane a plane. It is shown that the integer plane contains 3 non-collinear points such that the plane resulting from these 3 pts according to one definition (\textit{H. S. M. Coxeter} [Introduction to geometry (1961; Zbl 0095.345)]) does not contain the origin. A new definition is suggested. Section 5 exhibits 4 non-Paschian ordered planes. Section 6 contains a proof that ordered planes contain no Coxeter configurations. Section 7 deals with two-tiled Latin squares. A two-tiled Latin square is one in which each mark is in exactly one Latin \(2\times 2\) subsquare. It is proved that a finite projective plane is Fano-free and Coxeter-free if and only if each of its multiplicative loop tables is two tiled. All two-tiled squares (up to isotopy) of orders 2, 4, and 6 are found.

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