Comparison between maximal function and square function on positively curved product manifolds
[For the entire collection see Zbl 0752.00061.] Let \(M_ i\) be a complete Riemannian manifold, \(\{P_{t_ i}\}_{t_ i\geq 0}\) and \(\{H_{t_ i}\}_{t_ i\geq 0}\) its Poisson and heat diffusion semigroups, \(\{p_{t_ i}\}_{t_ i\geq 0}\) and \(\{h_{t_ i}\}_{t_ i\geq 0}\) its Poisson and heat kernels, \(i=1,2,\dots,d\). Set \(M^ \perp_ i=M_ i\times R^ 1_ +\), \(\overline M=\Pi^ d_ 1M_ i\), \(\overline M^ \perp=\Pi^ d_ 1M^ \perp_ i\). For suitable function \(f\) on \(\overline M\), let \(u(\overline x,\overline t)=P_{{\overline t}}(f)(\overline x)\), where \(\overline x\in\overline M\), \(\overline t\in(R^ 1_ +)^ d\). The non-tangential maximal function and the area integral function of \(f\) are defined by \[ N_{p,\overline a}(f)(\overline x)=\sup\{| u(\overline y,\overline t)|:(\overline y,\overline t)\in\Gamma_{{\overline a}}(\overline x)\} \] \[ A_{P,\overline b}(f)(\overline x)=\left(\int_{\Gamma_{{\overline b}}(\overline x)}|\overline\nabla u(\overline y,\overline t)|^ 2V_{\overline x}(\overline b\overline t)d\overline m\right)^{1/2}. \] The authors firstly show some basic properties of Poisson kernel and harmonic functions of one-parameter, which are important for the proof of the main results. Then the authors investigate Carleson measure. They prove that for any multiharmonic function \(u\) on \(\overline M^ \perp\) and a suitable choice of bounded function \(v_ u\) such that \(uv_ u\in L^ \infty(\overline M)\), \(|\overline\nabla(uv_ u)|^ 2d\overline m\) is a Carleson measure on \(\overline M^ \perp\). By Carleson measure and estimates of the heat kernel, the authors obtain their main theorem (Theorem 1): If \(\text{Ric}(\overline M)\geq 0\), \(\overline a,\overline b\in(R^ 1_ +)^ d\), \(0<p<\infty\), then for any \(f\in L^ \infty_ c(\overline M)\), there holds \[ \| A_{P,\overline b}\|_ p\leq C_{\overline M,d,p,\overline a,\overline b}\| N_{P,\overline a}(f)\|_ p, \] where \(C_{\overline M,d,p,\overline a,\overline b}\) is a positive number depending only on \(\overline M,d,p\), \(\overline a,\overline b\). This result is very important in \(H^ p\)-theory.
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