scientific article; zbMATH DE number 176689
Computational methods for problems pertaining to field theory (12-08) Polynomials in real and complex fields: location of zeros (algebraic theorems) (12D10) Zeros of polynomials, rational functions, and other analytic functions of one complex variable (e.g., zeros of functions with bounded Dirichlet integral) (30C15)
Let \(P(x)=a_dx^d+\ldots+a_0\) be a polynomial with complex coefficients and with \(a_da_0\neq 0\). Let \(\alpha_1,\ldots,\alpha_d\), with \(|\alpha_1|\geq|\alpha_2|\geq\cdots|\alpha_d|\) denote the zeros of \(P\) and let \(D\) be its discriminant. Let \(M(P)\) be the Mahler measure of \(P\), i.e. \(M(P)=| a_d|\prod\max(1,|\alpha_k|)\), and let \(T(P)=| a_d|^{d-1}|\alpha_1|^{d - 1} |\alpha_2|^{d-2}\cdots| \alpha_{d-1}|\). The author is interested in estimating the distance between pairs of roots of \(P\) and quotes the following inequalities: \[ |\alpha_i - \alpha_j|\geq| D|^{1/2}\max(1,|\alpha_i|,|\alpha_j|)d^{-(d+2)/2}M(P)^{1-d}, \tag{1} \] \[ |\alpha_ i-\alpha_ j|\geq| D|^{1/2}\min(|\alpha_ i|,|\alpha_ j|)2^{1- d(d-1)/2} T(P)^{-1}, \tag{2} \] the first of which is essentially due to \textit{K. Mahler} [Mich. Math. J. 11, 257--262 (1964; Zbl 0135.01702)], and the second to \textit{M. Mignotte} and \textit{M. Payafar} [RAIRO Anal. Numér. 13, 181--192 (1979; Zbl 0409.65025)]. Note that \(d^{d/2}\ll 2^{d^ 2/2}\) but that \(T(P)\leq M(P)^{d-1}\) and it is possible for \(T(P)\) to be considerably smaller than \(M(P)^{d-1}\). The author gives an interesting result which improves both (1) and (2), namely: \[ |\alpha_ i-\alpha_ j|>2| D|^{1/2}\max(|\alpha_ i|,| \alpha_ j|)d^{- (d+3)/2}T(P)^{-1}. \tag{3} \] His proof is based on an idea of Langevin for estimating generalized Vandermonde determinants. It should be pointed out that in many applications of such inequalities, one would prefer a lower bound in which the quantities \(|\alpha_ k|\) do not appear explicitly, so would normally replace either of \(T(P)^{-1}\) or \(M(P)^{1-d}\) by \(\| P\|_ 2^{1-d}\), where \(\| P\|^ 2_ 2=\sum^ d_{k=0}| a_ k|^ 2\), using Landau's inequality, in which case (1) and (3) give essentially the same estimate. [For the entire collection see Zbl 0754.00023.]
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