Bridge position and the representativity of spatial graphs

DOI10.1016/J.TOPOL.2011.11.026zbMATH Open1253.05062arXiv0909.1162OpenAlexW2040476843MaRDI QIDQ409544FDOQ409544

Authors: Makoto Ozawa 

Publication date: 13 April 2012

Published in: Topology and its Applications (Search for Journal in Brave)

Abstract: First, we extend Otal's result for the trivial knot to trivial spatial graphs, namely, we show that for any bridge tangle decomposing sphere $S^2$ for a trivial spatial graph $Gamma$, there exists a 2-sphere $F$ such that $F$ contains $Gamma$ and $F$ intersects $S^2$ in a single loop. Next, we introduce two invariants for spatial graphs. As a generalization of the bridge number for knots, we define the {em bridge string number} $bs(Gamma)$ of a spatial graph $Gamma$ as the minimal number of $|Gammacap{S}^2|$ for all bridge tangle decomposing sphere $S^2$. As a spatial version of the representativity for a graph embedded in a surface, we define the {em representativity} of a non-trivial spatial graph $Gamma$ as [ r(Gamma)=max_{Finmathcal{F}} min_{Dinmathcal{D}_F} |partial Dcap Gamma|, ] where $mathcalF$ is the set of all closed surfaces containing $Gamma$ and $mathcal{D}_F$ is the set of all compressing disks for $F$ in $S^3$. Then we show that for a non-trivial spatial graph $Gamma$, [ displaystyle r(Gamma)le frac{bs(Gamma)}{2}. ] In particular, if $Gamma$ is a knot, then $r(Gamma)leb(Gamma)$, where $b(Gamma)$ denotes the bridge number. This generalizes Schubert's result on torus knots.

Full work available at URL: https://arxiv.org/abs/0909.1162

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zbMATH Keywords

spatial graphbridge positionbridge string numberminimum intersection numberrepresentativity

Mathematics Subject Classification ID

Planar graphs; geometric and topological aspects of graph theory (05C10) Relations of low-dimensional topology with graph theory (57M15)

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Cited In (11)

• Representativity and waist of cable knots
• Waist and trunk of knots
• Tunnel number and bridge number of composite genus 2 spatial graphs
• Hyperbolic manifolds containing high topological index surfaces
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• BOUNDING DISKS TO A SPATIAL GRAPH
• A locally minimal, but not globally minimal, bridge position of a knot
• Two More Proofs that the Kinoshita Graph is Knotted
• Alternating links have representativity 2
• Knots and surfaces
• Height, trunk and representativity of knots

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