Extreme points of the unit ball in the dual space of some real subspaces of Banach spaces of Lipschitz functions

Summary: Let \(X\) be a compact Hausdorff space, \(\tau\) be a continuous involution on \(X\) and \(C(X, \tau)\) denote the uniformly closed real subalgebra of \(C(X)\) consisting of all \(f \in C(X)\) for which \(f \circ \tau = \overline{f}\). Let \((X, d)\) be a compact metric space and let \(\text{Lip}(X, d^\alpha)\) denote the complex Banach space of complex-valued Lipschitz functions of order \(\alpha\) on \((X, d)\) under the norm \(||f||_{X,p_{\alpha}} = \max \{||f||_X, p_\alpha (f)\}\), where \(\alpha \in (0, 1]\). For \(\alpha \in (0, 1)\), the closed subalgebra of \(\text{Lip}(X, \alpha)\) consisting of all \(f \in \text{Lip}(X, d^\alpha)\) for which \(|f(x) - f(y)|/d^\alpha(x, y) \rightarrow 0\) as \(d(x, y) \rightarrow 0\), is denoted by \(\text{lip}(X, d^\alpha)\). Let \(\tau\) be a Lipschitz involution on \((X, d)\) and define \(\text{Lip}(X, \tau, d^\alpha) = \text{Lip}(X, d^\alpha) \cap C(X, \tau)\) for \(\alpha \in (0, 1]\) and \(\text{lip}(X, \tau, d^\alpha) = \text{lip}(X, d^\alpha) \cap C(X, \tau)\) for \(\alpha \in (0, 1)\). In this paper, we give a characterization of extreme points of \(B_{A^\ast}\), where \(A\) is a real linear subspace of \(\text{Lip}(X, d^\alpha)\) or \(\text{lip}(X, d^\alpha)\) which contains 1, in particular, \(\text{Lip}(X, \tau, d^\alpha)\) or \(\text{lip}(X, \tau, d^\alpha)\).

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