Half eigenvalues and the Fučík spectrum of multi-point boundary value problems

Boundary eigenvalue problems for ordinary differential equations (34B09) Nonlocal and multipoint boundary value problems for ordinary differential equations (34B10) General spectral theory of ordinary differential operators (34L05) Eigenfunctions, eigenfunction expansions, completeness of eigenfunctions of ordinary differential operators (34L10) Eigenvalues, estimation of eigenvalues, upper and lower bounds of ordinary differential operators (34L15)

Abstract: We consider the nonlinear boundary value problem consisting of the equation ag{1} -u" = f(u) + h, quad ext{a.e. on

(- 1, 1)

,} where

h i n L^{1} (- 1, 1)

, together with the multi-point, Dirichlet-type boundary conditions ag{2} u(pm 1) = sum^{m^pm}_{i=1}alpha^pm_i u(eta^pm_i) where

m^{p} m g e 1

are integers,

a l p h a^{p} m = (a l p h a_{1}^{p} m, ..., a l p h a_{m}^{p} m) i n [0, 1)^{m^{p} m}

,

e t a^{p} m i n (- 1, 1)^{m^{p} m}

, and we suppose that

sum_{i=1}^{m^pm} alpha_i^pm < 1 .

We also suppose that

f : m a t h b b R o m a t h b b R

is continuous, and

0 < f_{pminfty}:=lim_{s o pminfty} frac{f(s)}{s} < infty.

We allow

f_{i n f t y} e f_{- i n f t y}

--- such a nonlinearity

f

is {em jumping}. Related to (1) is the equation ag{3} -u" = lambda(a u^+ - b u^-), quad ext{on

(- 1, 1)

,} where

l a m b d a,, a,, b > 0

, and

u^{p m} (x) = m a x p m u (x), 0

for

x i n [- 1, 1]

. The problem (2)-(3) is `positively-homogeneous' and jumping. Regarding

a,, b

as fixed, values of

l a m b d a = l a m b d a (a, b)

for which (2)-(3) has a non-trivial solution

u

will be called {em half-eigenvalues}, while the corresponding solutions

u

will be called {em half-eigenfunctions}. We show that a sequence of half-eigenvalues exists, the corresponding half-eigenfunctions having specified nodal properties, and we obtain certain spectral and degree theoretic properties of the set of half-eigenvalues. These properties lead to solvability and non-solvability results for the problem (1)-(2). The set of half-eigenvalues is closely related to the `Fucik spectrum' of the problem, which we briefly describe. Equivalent solvability and non-solvability results for (1)-(2) are obtained from either the half-eigenvalue or the Fucik spectrum approach.

Review text

The paper is concerned with the nonlinear multi-point boundary value problem NEWLINE\[NEWLINE-u=f(u)+h \quad \quad \text{a.e. on}\,\,\,(-1,1),\tag{1}NEWLINE\]NEWLINE NEWLINE\[NEWLINEu(\pm 1)=\displaystyle\sum_{i=1}^{m^{\pm}}\alpha_i^{\pm}u(\eta_i^{\pm}),\tag{2}NEWLINE\]NEWLINE where \(h \in L^1(-1,1)\), \(m^{\pm}\geq 1\) are integers, \(\alpha^{\pm}=(\alpha_1^{\pm},\ldots, \alpha_{m^{\pm}}^{\pm})\in\mathbb{R}_+^{m^{\pm}}\), \(\eta^{\pm}\in (-1,1)^{m^{\pm}}\)NEWLINENEWLINE and \(\displaystyle\sum_{i=1}^{m^{\pm}}\alpha_i^{\pm}<1\). The equation NEWLINE\[NEWLINE-u=\lambda(a u^+-b u^-)\,\,\,\text{on}\,\,\,(-1,1)\tag{3}NEWLINE\]NEWLINE with the boundary conditions \((2)\), where \(a,\,b>0\) and \(u^{\pm}(x)=\max\{\pm u(x),0\}\) for \(x\in [-1,1]\) is also investigated. The authors prove the existence of a sequence of half-eigenvalues \(\lambda=\lambda(a,b)\) for the problem \((2)-(3)\). Some spectral and degree theoretic properties of the set of half-eigenvalues, and specified nodal properties of the corresponding half-eigenfunctions are also presented. Based on these properties, the authors obtain solvability and non-solvability results, a global bifurcation theorem and nodal solutions for the problem \((1)-(2)\).

Recommendations

Cites work

Cited in

(5)

This page was built for publication: Half eigenvalues and the Fučík spectrum of multi-point boundary value problems

Report a bug (only for logged in users!)Click here to report a bug for this page (MaRDI item Q413460)