Structure properties of the Banach limit set
The authors announce some results on the structure of the set \(\mathcal{B}\) of all Banach limits, i.\,e., the set of all positive shift-invariant linear functionals on \(\ell^{\infty}\) that map the constant sequence \((1,1,\dots)\) onto itself (it has been known since S. Banach that this set is non-empty). In a previous paper [\textit{E. M. Semenov} and \textit{F. A. Suckochev}, Sib. Math. J. 51, No. 4, 723--727 (2010); translation from Sib. Mat. Zh. 51, No. 4, 904--910 (2010; Zbl 1225.46015)], the authors have shown that two Banach limits coincide if their restrictions to the set \(2^{\mathbb{N}}\) of all \(0\)-\(1\)-sequences coincide. In the present paper, the following strengthening of this result is announced. Define the set \(U\) as \[ U=\{x\in 2^{\mathbb{N}}: q(x)=0, \;p(x)=1\}, \] where \[ q(x)=\lim_{n\to \infty}\inf_{m\in \mathbb{N}}\frac{1}{n}\sum_{k=m+1}^{m+n}x_k \;\;\mathrm{and} \;\;p(x)=\lim_{n\to \infty}\sup_{m\in \mathbb{N}}\frac{1}{n}\sum_{k=m+1}^{m+n}x_k \] for each \(x=(x_k)_{k\in \mathbb{N}}\in \ell^{\infty}\) (it is known that \(\{Bx:B\in \mathcal{B}\}=[q(x),p(x)]\) for all \(x\in \ell^{\infty}\)). Then two Banach limits coincide if their restrictions to the set \(U\) coincide. Among other results, the authors also announce the following theorem: For every \((a_k)_{k\in \mathbb{N}}\in \ell^{\infty}\) and every bounded sequence \((x_k)_{k\in \mathbb{N}}\) in \(\ell^{\infty}\), both the diameter and the radius of the set \[ \{B\in \mathcal{B}:Bx_k=a_k \;\forall k\in \mathbb{N}\} \] are equal to \(2\) (provided it is non-empty). Some results on the set \(\{B\in \mathcal{B}: B=BH\}\), for \(H\) the Cesàro operator from \(\ell^{\infty}\) to \(\ell^{\infty}\) or a dilation operator \(\sigma_n\) sending the sequence \((x_1,x_2,\dots)\) to \[ (\underbrace{x_1,\dots,x_1}_n,\underbrace{x_2,\dots,x_2}_n,\dots,\underbrace{x_k,\dots,x_k}_n,\dots), \] are also announced.
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