Spaces of cohomologies associated with linear functional equations
Let \(F:X \to X\) be a \(C^k(X)\), \(k=0\dots\infty,\) map on a topological space (smooth manifold) \(X.\) Given \(C^k(X)\) functions \(A:X \to \text{End}(C^m)\) and \(\gamma:X \to C^m,\) the map \(F\) generates a linear functional equation in operator form \[ (T\phi)(x)=[(I-R)\phi](x)=\phi(x)-A(x)\phi(F(x))=\gamma(x), \] which is typical in normal form theory; for instance, it naturally appears in the problem of conjugacy of local diffeomorphisms. If \(m=1\) and \(A(x) = 1\), equation (1) is called the holonomy equation. The spaces of cohomologies associated with an \(F\)-invariant covering \(\{ U_{\alpha}\}\) of \(X\) are introduced. This yields a correspondence between ImT and \(\text{ImT}|U_{\alpha}\) and the description of ImT in cohomological terms. In particular, it is proven that for any structurally stable diffeomorphism on the circle and for large enough \(k\), the operator \(T\) is semi-Fredholm, and a similar result holds for the substitution operators generated by simple multidimensional maps. On the other hand, it is shown that, in general, the closures of ImT and \(\text{ImT}|U_{\alpha}\) are independent.
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