scientific article; zbMATH DE number 1277122
The author studies simple zeros of Riemann's zeta-function in short intervals on the critical line. If we ignore the simplicity requirement and count zeros according to multiplicity, then according to a result of \textit{A. A. Karatsuba} [Izv. Akad. Nauk SSSR, Ser. Mat. 48, 569-584 (1984; Zbl 0545.10026)], a positive proportion of the zeros \(\sigma +i\gamma \) with \(T\leq \gamma \leq T+H\) do lie on the critical line if \(T^{27/82 +\varepsilon}\leq H\leq T\). In the present thesis, a similar result for simple zeros is established for \(H=T^{\alpha}\), where \(\alpha = 0.591\); by a more complicated argument, even \(\alpha = 0.552\) is admissible. For the proof, Levinson's method is applied. To this end, a ``mollifier, that is a Dirichlet polynomial \(A(s)\) of length \(M=T^{\theta }\) for certain positive constant \(\theta < 3/8\), is constructed for the function \(F(s)= \zeta (s) +\zeta '(s)/\log T\). The main result is an asymptotic formula for the mean square of \(A(s)F(S)\) over the interval \(T\leq t \leq T+H\) near the critical line. This is accomplished by Atkinson's method, and the main point is the sharpness of the error term \(O(T^{1/3+ \varepsilon}M^{4/3})\). Another result of the author is the following: \[ \sum_{T<\gamma \leq T+H} \zeta '(\rho) = (H/4\pi)\log ^2T +O(H\log T +T^{1/2+\varepsilon }), \] where the sum is over nontrivial zeros of the zeta-function. This implies that every interval \([T, T+T^{1/2+\varepsilon }]\) contains the imaginary part of a simple zero. Such a zero does not necessarily lie on the critical line, but its real part can be restricted to the interval \([1/2, 41/42 +\varepsilon ]\).
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