scientific article; zbMATH DE number 1284081

Publication date 28 February 2000

boundary contact angle contraction mapping principle free boundary motion of a heavy viscous incompressible capillary liquid weighted Hölder space

Mathematics Subject Classification ID

Navier-Stokes equations (35Q30) Free boundary problems for PDEs (35R35) Capillarity (surface tension) for incompressible inviscid fluids (76B45)

Review text

The author considers the problem of motion of a heavy viscous incompressible capillary liquid partially filling a container \(V\subset {\mathbb R^n}\). The container \(V\) is bounded by semi-infinite lines \(x_1=\pm d_0\), \(x_2>0\), and \((-d_0,0)\), \((d_0,0)\) are connected by a smooth curve \(\gamma\) located in the half-plane \(x_2<0\). The domain \(\Omega\subset V\) filled with the liquid is \(\Omega=\{x\in V;\;x_2<F(x_1)\}\), where \(x_2=F(x_1)\), \(-d_0<x_1<d_0\), defines the free boundary \(\Gamma\). The problem is then to find the free boundary \(\Gamma\), that is, the function \(F(x_1)\), the velocity field \(v(x)=(v_1(x),v_2(x))\) and the pressure \(p(x)\) such that the Navier-Stokes equations \(-\nu\;\nabla^2v+(v\cdot v) v+\nabla p=-g e_2\), \(\nabla\cdot v=0\) are satisfied in \(\Omega\) under the boundary conditions \(v|_\Sigma= \epsilon a(x)\), \(a\) is a given vector field, \(v\cdot n|_\Gamma=0\), \(Tu-\sigma H u|_\Gamma=0\), where \(g\) is the gravity, \(\sigma\) the surface tension, \(e_2=(0,1)\), \(\Sigma=\partial\Omega\cap\partial V\), \(T(v,p)=-p I+\nu S(v)\) is the stress tensor, \(S(v)\) twice the deformation tensor with \(S_{ij}=\partial v_i/\partial x_j+\partial v_j/\partial x_i\), \(n\) is the unit normal to \(\Gamma\) and \(H\) the curvature of \(\Gamma\). Moreover, one has to prescribe the boundary contact angle \(\theta\), which is the angle between \(\Sigma\) and \(\Gamma\) at the boundary of the free surface, that is, \(F'(x_1)/\sqrt{1+F'(x_1)^2}|_{x_1=\pm d_0}=\pm\cos\theta\), and the side conditions \(W=\int_{-d_0}^{d_0} F(x_1)\;dx_1\), \(\int_\Sigma \;a\cdot n\;dS=0\). Here \(W\) is prescribed, that is, the area of \(\Omega\) is given, and it is assumed that supp \(a\subset\gamma\). The author considers the cases that \(\theta=0\) or \(\pi\). In these cases the derivative of \(F\) at \(x_1=\pm d_0\) must be unbounded. The author proves that there exists a solution of the above problem in these limiting cases, provided that \(\epsilon\), which appears in the boundary condition \(v|_\Sigma=\epsilon a(x)\), is small enough. The proof is based on the contraction mapping principle in an appropriate weighted Hölder space. This program requires a series of interesting auxilary considerations of the equations and boundary conditions defined on weighted Hölder spaces. For the entire collection see [Zbl 0910.00019].

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