scientific article; zbMATH DE number 1285594

Oscillation, zeros of solutions, mean value theorems, etc. in context of PDEs (35B05) Integral representations of solutions to PDEs (35C15) Laplace operator, Helmholtz equation (reduced wave equation), Poisson equation (35J05) Monte Carlo methods (65C05)

Review text

The results of the article generalize the research by \textit{K. K. Sabelfeld} and \textit{I. A. Shalimova} [Spherical means for PDEs, VSP, Utrecht (1997; Zbl 0889.35001)] and \textit{U. M. Grigoriev} and \textit{V. V. Naumov} [Dokl. Akad. Nauk, Ross. Akad. Nauk 362, No. 1, 51-52 (1998)], where a mean value theorem, and its converse, for a homogeneous Helmholtz equation were given in various forms. In the article under review, the author proves a converse mean value theorem for a nonhomogeneous Helmholtz equation and a mean value theorem, and its converse, for the Lamé equation of elasticity theory. For a nonhomogeneous Helmholtz equation, the result (a converse mean value theorem) is stated as follows: Let \(\Omega\subset\mathbb R^n\) be a domain, let \(u\in C^2(\Omega)\) and \(f\in C(\Omega)\), and let, for every ball \(U_R(\vec r)\subseteq\Omega \), these functions satisfy the mean relation; then \(u(\vec r)\) is a solution to the Helmholtz equation. The following theorem exposes the mean relation for solutions to the Lamé equation. Let \(\Omega\subset\mathbb R^n\) be a domain and let \(u\in C^2(\Omega)\) be a solution to a nonhomogeneous Lamé equation. Then, for every ball \(U_R(\vec r)\), the following equality holds: \[ \begin{gathered} u(\vec r_0) = \frac{3}{16\pi R^2(2-3\nu)}\oint_{\Sigma_R(\vec r_0)} \left[(1-4\nu)u(\vec{\rho}) + 5\vec r(\vec r\cdot u(\vec{\rho}))/{R^2} \right]dS_{\vec\rho} \\ +\frac{3-2\nu}{32\pi R^3\mu (1-\nu)(2-3\nu)}\int_{U_R(\vec r_0)} (R^2 - r^2)f(\vec{\rho})dV_{\vec\rho} \\ +\frac{1}{16\pi\mu(1-\nu)}\int_{U_R(\vec r_0)}\left[(3-4\nu)(1/R - 1/r) f(\vec{\rho}) + (1/R^3 - 1/r^3)\vec r (\vec r\cdot f(\vec{\rho}))\right]dV_{\vec\rho}, \end{gathered} \] where \(\vec r =\vec{\rho} - \vec r_0\). The converse is also proven and is similar to the case of the Helmholtz equation.

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