Traveling waves for a boundary reaction-diffusion equation

Abstract: We prove the existence of a traveling wave solution for a boundary reaction diffusion equation when the reaction term is the combustion nonlinearity with ignition temperature. A key role in the proof is plaid by an explicit formula for traveling wave solutions of a free boundary problem obtained as singular limit for the reaction-diffusion equation (the so-called high energy activation energy limit). This explicit formula, which is interesting in itself, also allows us to get an estimate on the decay at infinity of the traveling wave (which turns out to be faster than the usual exponential decay).

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The paper is devoted to study of the boundary reaction equation in the upper haft-plane \(\mathbb{R}_+^2 = \{(x,y): x \in \mathbb{R}, y > 0\}:\) NEWLINE\[NEWLINE\begin{cases} \partial_t u - \Delta u = 0, \text{ in} \;\mathbb{R}_+^2 \times [0,T], \\ \frac{\partial u}{\partial \nu} = - f(u), \text{ on} \;\partial \mathbb{R}_+^2 \times [0,T]. \end{cases}\leqno (1)NEWLINE\]NEWLINE The nonlinear reaction term \(f: [0,1] \to [0,\infty)\) is Lipschitz continuous such that \(f(u) > 0\) for \(u \in (0,\alpha)\) and \(f(u) = 0\) otherwise, for some \(\alpha \in (0,1).\)NEWLINENEWLINEThe authors prove the existence of a positive constant \(c\) and a traveling wave solution for (1) of the form \(u(t,x,y) = v(x-ct,y)\) where function \(v(x,y)\) is non-decreasing in \(x\) for all \(y \geq 0\), non-decreasing in \(y\) for all \(x \in \mathbb{R},\) \(v(x,y) \to 0\) as \(x \to -\infty\) and \(v(x,y) \to 1\) as \(x \to +\infty\) for all \(y \in \mathbb{R}_+.\) Moreover, there exists \(C\) such that NEWLINE\[NEWLINE|1 - v(x,0)| \leq \frac{2}{\sqrt{\pi}} \int_{\sqrt{c x}}^{\infty} e^{-z^2}dz \;as \;x \to +\infty.NEWLINE\]NEWLINENEWLINENEWLINEFor proving, explicit formula for traveling wave solutions of a free boundary problem obtained as singular limit for (1) is used.

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