scientific article; zbMATH DE number 1305062
The pair \(\langle V_0,V_1\rangle\) of subsets of the extended complex plane \(\mathbb C_\infty\) is a pair of twin value sets for the continued fraction \(K(a_n/1)\) if \(V_0\neq\emptyset\), \(V_0\neq\mathbb C_\infty\) and \[ {a_{2n-1}\over 1+V_1}\subseteq V_0,\qquad {a_{2n}\over 1+V_0}\subseteq V_1\qquad\text{for all} n\in\mathbb N. \] The corresponding element sets \(\langle E_1,E_2\rangle\) are given by \[ E_1:=\{a\in\mathbb C: a/(1+V_1)\subseteq V_0\},\quad E_2:=\{a\in\mathbb C: a/(1+V_0)\subseteq V_1\}, \] and we say that \(K(a_n/1)\) is from \(\langle E_1,E_2\rangle\) if \(a_{2n-1}\in E_1\) and \(a_{2n}\in E_2\) for all \(n\). Hence, \(\langle V_0,V_1\rangle\) are twin value sets for every continued fraction \(K(a_n/1)\) from \(\langle E_1,E_2\rangle\). An important question in continued fraction theory is whether every continued fraction from \(\langle E_1,E_2\rangle\) converges. In [Ill. J. Math. 10, 97-108 (1966; Zbl 0141.06502)] L. J. Lange proved the Uniform Limacon Theorem which says that if \[ V_0:=B(\alpha,\sigma),\quad B_1:=\mathbb C_\infty\setminus\overline B( -1-\alpha,\sigma);\quad |\alpha|<\sigma<|1+\alpha|, \tag{1} \] where \(B(a,r):=\{z\in\mathbb C: |z-a|<r\}\), and \(\overline B(a,r)\) denotes its closure, then every continued fraction from \(\langle E_1,E_2\rangle\) converges, and the convergence is uniform with respect to \(K(a_n/1)\) from \(\langle E_1,E_2\rangle\). Lange also gave explicit truncation error bounds for these continued fractions. In the present paper Lange proves the surprising and important result that if \(\langle V_0,V_1\rangle\) are any circular domains in \(\mathbb C_\infty\) (disks, halfplanes or complements of disks), and \(0\in V_j\) and \(-1\not\in \overline V_j\) for \(j=0,1\), then the corresponding element sets are imbeddable in element sets corresponding to (1) for proper choices of \(\alpha\in\mathbb C\) and \(\sigma>0\). Hence, the nice properties from the Uniform Limacon Theorem are extended to all these cases. In the disk -- disk case it suffices that \(0\) is not on the boundary of \(V_0\), \(0\in \overline V_1\) and \(-1\not\in\overline V_0\cup\overline V_1\). For the entire collection see [Zbl 0897.00031].
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