scientific article; zbMATH DE number 1305321
Let \(H(p,q,z)\) be a planar Hamiltonian depending on the parameter \(z\) and which is \(2\pi\)-periodic in \(z\). Consider the three-dimensional system \[ \dot p=-{\partial H\over\partial q}(p,q,z),\quad\dot q= {\partial H\over\partial p}(p,q,z),\quad\dot z= u_\varepsilon,\tag{\(*\)} \] where \(\varepsilon\) is a small parameter. It is assumed that the unperturbed system \[ \dot p=-{\partial H\over\partial q}(p,q,z),\quad\dot q= {\partial H\over\partial p}(p,q,z),\quad\dot z= 0\tag{\(**\)} \] has for all \(z\in [0,2\pi]\) a unique hyperbolic equilibrium \((p^*(z), q^*(z))\) connected by itself by a homoclinic orbit \(\gamma(z)\). Thus, there is a periodic string of hyperbolic equilibria connected to itself by a smooth two-dimensional homoclinic manifold, which is just the union of all the homoclinic orbits \((\gamma(z), z)\). The purpose of this note is to review a simple geometric theory that describes which of the unperturbed homoclinics \(\gamma(z)\) of system \((**)\) survival for small \(\varepsilon\) and what the consequences of their survival are for the existence of Smale-horseshoe-type chaotic dynamics. For the entire collection see [Zbl 0890.00010].
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