scientific article; zbMATH DE number 1313883

Introductory exposition (textbooks, tutorial papers, etc.) pertaining to number theory (11-01) Arithmetic functions; related numbers; inversion formulas (11A25) Radix representation; digital problems (11A63)

Review text

This book consists of solutions of the author given for 27 unsolved problems of \textit{F. Smarandache} [Only problems, not solutions! (Xiquan Publ. House, Chicago) (1993; Zbl 0840.11002)], see also \textit{C. Dumitrescu} and \textit{V. Seleacu} [Some notions and questions in number theory (Erhus Univ. Press, Glendale) (1994; Zbl 0840.11001)]. Almost all appeared as research articles in the journal `Notes on Number Theory and Discrete Mathematics' in the years 1998/99. 22 of these problems concern special sequences of positive integers. Typical examples are the following ones: ``Smarandache square complements: 1,2,3,1,5,6,7,2,1,10,11,3,13,14,\dots{} For each integer \(n\) to find the smallest integer \(k\) such that \(nk\) is a perfect square. (All these numbers are square-free.) on page 16; and ``(Inferior) square part: 0,1,1,1,4,4,4,4,4,9,9,9,9,9,9,9,16,16,16,\dots{} (the largest square less than or equal to \(n\)). Study this sequence. on page 27. It is not clear what here the problems really are. To find an explicit formula for the general term? To investigate properties of these sequences? What properties? As a solution the author proves the following trivial facts. Let \(c_2(n)\) and \(a_n\) denote the general terms of the above sequences, respectively. Then for \(n=\prod p_i^{a_i}\), \(c_2(n)= \prod p_i^{b_i}\), where \(b_i\equiv a_i\) (mod \(2\)) and \(b_i\in \{0,1\}\); \(c_2(n)\leq n\) for every \(n\); \(c_2(n)=n\) iff \(n\) is square-free; \(c_2(c_2(n))=c_2(n)\) for every \(n\) ; \(a_n=[\sqrt{n}]^2\) for every \(n\). Three other problems deal with divisibility properties, for example ``Smarandache divisibility theorem: If \(a\) and \(m\) are integers, and \(m>0\), then \((a^m-a)(m-1)!\) is divisible by \(m\). (page 68). This is immediate, using Fermat's little theorem and the well-known fact that \((m-1)!\) is divisible by \(m\) for every composite \(m\neq 4\).

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