A Uniform Ergodic Theorem for Commuting Semigroups
Let \(T = (T(u))_{u \geq 0}\) be a strongly continuous semigroup of bounded linear operators on the Banach space \(X\). Then the Cesàro means are given by \(M_t(T)(x) = t^{-1} \int_0^tT(u)x du\). Let \(S = (S_1, \ldots, S_n)\) be a commuting n-tuple of strongly continuous semigroups \(S_j\) on \(X\) and set \({\mathbb R} ^n_* = \{ \tau \in {\mathbb R}^n: 0 < \tau_j\), \(j= 1, \ldots , n\}\). Moreover define \(M_{\tau,j} = \prod_{k \not= j}M_{\tau_k}(S_k), R_{\tau ,j} = \tau_j^{-1}S_j(\tau_j) M_{\tau,j}.\) \(S\) is called Cesàro quasibounded if the sets \(\{ \|M_{\tau,j}\|: \tau \in {\mathbb R}^n_*\}\) are bounded. \(S\) is called uniformly ergodic if in addition \(\lim_{\tau \to \infty}M_{\tau}\) exists with respect to the operator norm. Let \(B\) be a densely defined closed linear operator. Then \(\|\cdot \|_B\) denotes the graph norm with respect to \(B\). For an arbitrary operator \(C\) let \(R(C)\) denote its range. The main theorem reads as follows: Let \(S\) be Cesàro quasibounded and denote by \(A_j\) the infinitesimal generator of \(S_j\). Then \(S\) is uniformly ergodic iff \(\lim_\tau \|R_{\tau , j}\|_{A_j} = 0\) and the spaces \(\sum R(A_j)\) as well as \(\sum R(A^*_j)\) are closed. An application to \(n = 1\) of this quite general theorem gives an interesting generalization of a result of \textit{M. Lin} [Proc. Am. Math. Soc. 46, 217-225 (1974; Zbl 0291.47006), Theorem 1]. In fact the present authors are able to get rid of M. Lin's assumption on \(T\), that \(\lim_{t \to \infty} t^{-1}\|T(t)\|= 0 \) has to hold.
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