scientific article; zbMATH DE number 1009702

Publication date 9 November 1997

convex subdifferential maximal monotone operator multifunction subtangency theorem

Derivatives of functions in infinite-dimensional spaces (46G05) Monotone operators and generalizations (47H05) Applications of operator theory in optimization, convex analysis, mathematical programming, economics (47N10) Methods involving semicontinuity and convergence; relaxation (49J45)

Review text

The paper gives a nice survey of results concerning the maximal monotonicity of the subdifferential of a proper, convex, lower semicontinuous function \(g\) from a Banach space \(E\) in \(\text{ I\negthinspace R}\cup \left\{ +\infty \right\}\) (for more about this see the author [J. Optimization Theory Appl. 71, No. 1, 127-136 (1991; Zbl 0795.49016); Set-valued Anal. 2, No. 1-2, 327-337 (1994; Zbl 0807.46002); Nonlinear Anal., Theory Methods Appl. 22, No. No. 11, 1373-1389 (1994; Zbl 0836.49009)]). All important and some new results about this subject are derived from the following subtangency theorem. Theorem 4: Let \(\inf_Eg<\lambda <g\left( 0\right) \leq \infty \) and write \(K:=\sup \left\{ \left. {\lambda -g\left( y\right) }\over{ \left|y\right|}\right|y\in E, g\left( y\right) <\lambda \right\} \) then \(0<K<\infty \) and, for all \(\varepsilon \in \left( 0,1\right) \) there exist \(x\in \text{dom }g,\;x^{*}\in \partial g( x) \) such that \(|x^{*}|\leq ( 1+\varepsilon) K\) and \(-\langle x,x^{*}\rangle \geq ( 1-\varepsilon) K |x|\). As consequences several maximal monotonicity results in contrapositive form are obtained. It is shown as a new task in this paper that Theorem 4 and nearly all consequences remain valid whenever \(x\) and \(x^{*}\) are exchanged (dual results). Basing on the discussed results with respect to subdifferentials, seven subclasses of maximal monotone operators are introduced and discussed. Finally, geometric interpretations of the constant \(K\) are given. All new results or new derivations of known results are proved in detail and all mentioned results are referred at least one time. The main subjects are illustrated by figures. The bibliography contains all basic papers about this subject. For the entire collection see [Zbl 0861.00014].

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