scientific article; zbMATH DE number 1013897
The first author has in a series of papers -- some of them together with E. Kunz -- made considerable progress in giving a concrete meaning to certain abstract constructions in duality theory and related topics. From the authors' introduction: Relative duality theory for morphisms of noetherian schemes was studied and described by A. Grothendieck and R. Hartshorne [cf. \textit{R. Hartshorne}, ``Residual maps and duality, Lect. Notes Math. 20 (1966; Zbl 0212.26101)]. It settles the problem of duality theory for quasi-coherent sheaves from a theoretical point of view. This approach heavily relies on the theory of derived categories and constructs for a morphism \( f: X \to Y \) of noetherian schemes a right adjoint \({\mathbf f^!}\) to \( {\mathbb R} f_*\). In a given situation it is often hard to apply this theory since the objects and maps involved are rather complicated to determine. Better suited for explicit applications is Kleiman's fairly elementary approach to construct a right adjoint \(f^!\) to the functor \(R^d f_*\) [cf. \textit{S. Kleimann}, Compos. Math. 41, 39-60 (1980; Zbl 0423.32006)]. Kleiman has studied \(f^!({\mathcal O}_Y)\) in various special situations. \textit{R. Hübl} and \textit{E. Kunz} [J. Reine Angew. Math. 410, 84-108 (1990; Zbl 0709.14014)], resp. \textit{R. Hübl} and \textit{P. Sastry} [Am. J. Math. 115, No. 4, 749-787 (1993; Zbl 0796.14012)] have been able to identify the sheaf \( f^!({\mathcal O}_Y)\) with the sheaf \(\omega^d_{X/Y}\) of regular differential forms in case \(X/Y\) is generically smooth and equidimensional of relative dimension \(d\). Further, the trace morphism \( \text{tr}_f\) was described in terms of residues and local and global integrals. In this paper we will continue this project. If \( f: X \to Y \) is generically smooth and equidimensional of dimension \( d\), \(\iota: X' \to X \) is a closed embedding such that \( f \circ \iota \) is generically smooth and equidimensional of dimension \( d' \) and \( X'\), \(X\) and \(Y\) are excellent noetherian schemes without embedded components, we will relate the duality theory of \(f \circ \iota \) to that of \(f\) and \(\iota\) explicitly. To be more precise, we will exhibit a concrete morphism \[ \text{Res}_{X' / X} : \det {\mathcal N}_{X' / X} \otimes {\mathcal O}_{X'} \iota^* \omega^d_{X/Y} \to \omega^{d'}_{X'/Y} \] using the second fundamental exact sequence for universal differential modules [cf. \textit{E. Kunz}, ``Kähler differentials (1986; Zbl 0587.13014); (4.17)]. For varieties over perfect fields, the existence of this morphism was proved by \textit{J. Lipman} [cf. ``Du alizing sheaves, differentials and residues on algebraic varieties, Astérisque 117, (1984; Zbl 0562.14003); section 13]. It is an isomorphism if \( X/Y\) is Cohen-Macaulay. Here \( {\mathcal N}_{X/X'} \) denotes the normal sheaf of \( X'/X\). It will be shown that \( \text{Res}_{X'/X} \) transforms the integral of \( X/Y\) into the integral of \( X'/Y\). We will proceed by first studying the local situation and by proving an adjunction formula for the residue symbol and the local integral of \textit{R. Hübl} and \textit{E. Kunz} [J. Reine Angew. Math. 410, 53-83 (1990; Zbl 0712.14006)]. In particular we will show that the local integral satisfies the residue axiom (R3) of Hartshorne [loc. cit., p. 197]. From the local case we will derive the global adjunction theorem via the residue theorem.
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