scientific article; zbMATH DE number 1014932
Transformation and reduction of ordinary differential equations and systems, normal forms (34C20) Perturbations, asymptotics of solutions to ordinary differential equations (34E10) Perturbations of finite-dimensional Hamiltonian systems, normal forms, small divisors, KAM theory, Arnol'd diffusion (37J40) Celestial mechanics (70F15)
This is a brief review of the results obtained over the last 20 years concerning convergence of the formal series of the perturbation theory for classical Hamiltonian systems with several degrees of freedom. It is known that, generically, the series are not convergent, but are instead asymptotic ones. The core result is Nekhoroshev's theorem that predicts how long the time of validity of the perturbative results is: \[ t< T\equiv t_0\exp (\varepsilon_0/\varepsilon)^a,\tag{1} \] where \(\varepsilon\) is a small parameter in front of the perturbation part of the system's Hamiltonian, \(t_0\) and \(\varepsilon_0\) are constants, and \(a\) is a constant \(<1\) decreasing with the increase of the number of degrees of freedom. The proof is based on using the Fourier expansion of the relevant functions with respect to the cyclic angular variables defined as the unperturbed (Liouville-integrable) part of the system's Hamiltonian, with a finite-mode truncation of the expansion. The next step is to properly isolate resonant sets (giving rise to zero denominators in terms of perturbation-theory series) of the truncated system, and proceed to the limit in which the number of truncation modes is going to infinity. For the entire collection see [Zbl 0845.00056].
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