scientific article; zbMATH DE number 1021191
On a complete noncompact scalar-flat Riemannian \(n\)-manifold \((n>2)\), the set \({\mathcal S}\) of real smooth functions which are the scalar curvature of conformal equivalent metrics is characterized as follows: if the equation \(\Delta u=|K|\) admits a solution which is in \(L^\infty\), then \(K\in {\mathcal S}\). Moreover, this condition is necessary whenever \(K\) does not change sign. If the manifold is parabolic, the condition implies \(u=\)constant hence \(K\equiv 0\); therefore it is required that the manifold be non-parabolic. When so, it has a positive Green's kernel \(G(x,y)\), and the above condition reads: \(x\mapsto \int G(x,y) |K(y) |d \text{Vol} (y)\) belongs to \(L^\infty\). In the particular case of \(\mathbb{R}^n\), \(n>2\), combining Liouville's theorems with the preceding result (for \(K\) not changing sign) yields the necessity of Ni's condition \(m>2\) on the dimension of a splitted subspace \(\mathbb{R}^m\) of \(\mathbb{R}^n\) \((m\leq n)\), stated in [\textit{W.-M. Ni}, Indiana Univ. Math. J. 31, 493-529 (1982; Zbl 0496.35036)], regardless of any decay rate assumed on \(K\) at infinity of \(\mathbb{R}^m\). Actually, the condition on \(K\) ensures solvability of a whole class of semilinear equations of the form \(\Delta u=K(x)f(u)\) under mild structure conditions (the author calls ``equilinear such a class of equations). A previous, more restrictive result in this direction is the one of [\textit{H. Brézis} and \textit{S. Kamin}, Manuscr. Math. 74, 97-106 (1992; Zbl 0761.35027)]. For the entire collection see [Zbl 0859.00016].
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