scientific article; zbMATH DE number 1042122

Publication date 5 August 1997

circuit germ monodromy transformation nonlinear Riemann-Hilbert problem singular point vanishing holonomy

Inverse problems (Riemann-Hilbert, inverse differential Galois, etc.) for ordinary differential equations in the complex domain (34M50)

Review text

The linear Riemann-Hilbert problem is such that linear operators \(G_j: \mathbb{C}^n \mapsto \mathbb{C}^n\), \(1\leq j\leq n\) and one must find the Fuchsian system \(\dot z=\overline z{A_j \over t-a_j} z\), whose monodromy transformation corresponding to the standard circuits of the singular point \(a_j\) to be equal to \(G_j\). The nonlinear problem refers to equations in the direct product of a small \(n\)-dimensional ball by the Riemann sphere with a finite number of deleted points. Given the equation \[ \dot z=v(t,z), \quad v(t,0)= 0,\tag{1} \] where the field \(v\) is holomorphic outside of the finite number of singular points \(a_j\) and the field \((t-a_j)v\) is holomorphic at the singular point, \(a_j\). We call the equation of class nonlinear Fuchsian when the singular points are nondegenerate and \(t^2v= \theta(1)\) as \(t\to\infty\). The circuit about every singular point is associated with a germ of the nonlinear mapping \[ \Delta_j: (\mathbb{C}^n,0) \mapsto (\mathbb{C}^n,0), \prod \Delta_j= \text{identity}. \tag{2} \] The nonlinear Riemann-Hilbert problem is then an inverse problem whereby in the direct product, \(\widehat C\times (\mathbb{C}^n,0)\), where we must find the differential equation (1) with given nondegenerate singular points \(a_j\) in the Riemann sphere whose monodromy transformations corresponding to standard units of singular points are equal to the specified germs of the holomorphic mappings in (2). A series of sections each containing many theorems illustrate solutions to various components of the problem. At first necessary and sufficient conditions for solvability of a one-dimensional problem with vanishing holonomy are proved. A necessary condition for the \(n\)-dimensional problem is proved followed by a sufficient condition for the solvability module of the realization theorem. A formal theorem in the realization of monodromy and a geometry theorem in the realization of the monodromy transformation are eloquently proved with a very complete detailed proof. The paper offers very deep results regarding this problem. For the entire collection see [Zbl 0863.00013].

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