scientific article; zbMATH DE number 1046591
Let \(f(x)=F(\varphi (x))\) be a composite function; here \(F\) and \(\varphi\) are some given functions of one variable. The authors revise the well-known formula \[ \frac{d^nf}{dx^n}(x)=\sum\limits_{k=1}^{n} \frac{U_k}{k!}\frac{d^kF}{dy^k}(\varphi (x)), \text{ where } U_k=\sum\limits_{i=1}^{k-1}(-1)^iC_k^i[\varphi (x)]^i \frac{d^n}{dx^n}[\varphi (x)]^{k-i}, \] for the \(n\)th derivative of \(f\) [see, for example, \textit{I. S. Gradshtejn} and \textit{I. M. Ryzhik}: ``Tables of series, products, and integrals (1981; Zbl 0456.65001)]. In the article under review, the following formula is derived: \[ \frac{d^nf}{dx^n}(x)=\sum\limits_{k=1}^{n} a_{n,k}\frac{d^kF}{dy^k}(\varphi(x)); \] here \[ a_{n,k}=\sum\limits_{q_1=k-1}^{n-1} \sum\limits_{q_2=k-2}^{q_1} \cdots \sum\limits_{q_k=1}^{q_{k-2}-1} C^{q_1}_{n-1} C^{q_2}_{q_1-1}\cdots C^{q_{k-1}}_{q_{k-2}-1} \frac{d^{n-q_1}\varphi}{dx^{n-q_1}} \frac{d^{q_1-q_2}\varphi}{dx^{q_1-q_2}}\cdots \frac{d^{q_{k-2}-q_{k-1}}\varphi}{dx^{q_{k-2}-q_{k-1}}} \frac{d^{q_{k-1}}\varphi}{dx^{q_{k-1}}} \] if \(n\geq k>1\) and \(a_{n,1}=d^n\varphi /dx^n\) if \(k=1\); \(C^l_m\) are the binomial coefficients. Some properties of the coefficients \(a_{n,k}\) are also derived.
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