scientific article; zbMATH DE number 1065056
Let \(A\) and \(B\) be abelian groups. Let \(A\equiv_nB\) denote that \(A\) and \(B\) satisfy the same first-order sentences with \(n\) alternations of quantifiers. It is known that the following conditions are equivalent: 1) \(A\equiv B\), 2) \(A\equiv_1B\), 3) \(x^n A\equiv x^n B\) for each \(n\geq 2\). The paper is a survey of results of the author (with sketches of proofs) related to generalizations (and modifications) of this fact, which give algebraic characterizations of elementary equivalence for some classes of groups. The following theorem concludes the survey: If \(A\) and \(B\) are finitely generated finite-by-nilpotent groups, then the following conditions are equivalent: 1) \(A\equiv B\), 2) \(A\equiv_2B\), 3) \(Z \times A\cong Z\times B\). The author poses the following problems: 1) Are there finitely generated nilpotent groups \(A\) and \(B\) such that \(A\equiv_1B\) and \(A\not\equiv B\)? 2) Is there an integer \(n\) such that \(A\equiv_nB \Rightarrow A\equiv B\) for any finitely generated groups \(A\) and \(B\)? For the entire collection see [Zbl 0867.00021].
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