scientific article; zbMATH DE number 1066255
\(p\)-adic locally convex spacesBaire likebarrelledcompactoidcountable typedualityinductive limitsLB-spaceLF-spacenuclearpolarpolar hyper-strict inductive limitpolarly barrelled spaceprojective limitsemi-compact inductive limitssemimetrizablesequence spacestrict inductive limitstrictly countablestrongly polarweak inductive limitweakly strict inductive limit
Spaces defined by inductive or projective limits (LB, LF, etc.) (46A13) Duality theory for topological vector spaces (46A20) Inductive and projective limits in functional analysis (46M40) Functional analysis over fields other than (mathbb{R}) or (mathbb{C}) or the quaternions; non-Archimedean functional analysis (46S10)
In this long paper a systematic treatment of inductive limits of \(p\)-adic locally convex spaces is given. \(E_1\subset E_2\subset\cdots\) is an increasing sequence of \(K\)-vector spaces, where each \(E_n\) carries a locally convex topology so that the inclusions \(E_n\to E_{n+1}\) are continuous. The inductive limit topology on \(E:= \bigcup_n E_n\) is the strongest locally convex topology on \(E\) such that all inclusions \(E_n\to E\) are continuous. The polar of a subset \(A\) of \(E\) is \(A^0:= \{f\in E':|f|\leq 1\) on \(A\}\) and its bipolar is \(A^{00}:= \{x\in E:|f(x)|\leq 1\) for all \(f\in A^0\}\). A is polar if \(A= A^{00}\). A polar locally convex space is a topological vetor space having a zero neighbourhood base consisting of polar sets. The polar inductive topology \({^0\tau}\) is the strongest polar locally convex topology on \(E\) for which all inclusions \(E_n\to E\) are continuous. The inductive limit of \(E_n\)'s is denoted by \((E,\tau)= \varinjlim E_n\). If each \(E_n\) is strictly countable, of countable type, nuclear, strongly polar or barrelled then so is \((E,\tau)\). Likewise many other properties that goes over to \((E,\tau)\) when each \(E_n\) has such a property are given. Similar results are examined for the polar inductive limits also. A dual notion of projective limit is defined. The duality between inductive limits and the projective limits of the corresponding duals are given. Related notions such as strict inductive limit, weak inductive limit, weakly strict inductive limit, polar hyper-strict inductive limit and the topological properties that carry over to the limiting space from the individual spaces are examined. Their mutual implications are also studied. A locally convex space \((E,\tau)\) over \(K\) is called LF-space if it is the inductive limit of an inductive sequence \((E_n,\tau_n)_n\) of Fréchet spaces. If each \((E_n,\tau_n)\) is a Banach space then the inductive limit space is called an LB-space. It is shown that for an LF-space \(E\), Baire like, semimetrizable, \(E\) not containing an \(\aleph_0\) dimensional vector space endowed with the finest locally convex topology are all equivalent properties. Several equivalent properties for LB-space are also given. For example for an LB space the following result holds: \[ \text{Complete}\Leftrightarrow \text{quasicomplete}\Leftrightarrow \text{sequentially complete}\Leftrightarrow \text{locally complete}\Leftrightarrow \text{regular}. \] Compactoid in LB-space, Baire like space, polarly Baire-like spaces, regularity conditions for \(p\)-adic LB- and LF-space, semi-compact inductive limits and sequence spaces, projective and inductive topologies on sequence spaces and the inductive topologies on sequence space are the other topics dealt with in great detail in this remarkable paper which is a must for researchers in \(p\)-adic functional analysis interested in inductive and projective limits. When \(K\) is spherically complete or each \(E_n\) is of countable type or each inclusion \(E_n\to E_{n+1}\) is compact, then the polar inductive limit topology \({^0\tau}\) and the inductive limit topology \(\tau\) on \(E\) coincide. An example of closed subspaces \(E_1\subset E_2\subset\cdots\) of \(\ell^\infty\) whose ordinary inductive limit topology differs from the polar inductive limit topology is given. This provides an example of a normable polarly barrelled space that is not barrelled settling on open question raised by one of the authors in 1986. For the entire collection see [Zbl 0869.00037].
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