scientific article; zbMATH DE number 1069202
Consider a morphism \(d:E_2\to E_1\) of algebraic vector bundles over a complex algebraic variety \(M\). Locally \(d\) can be represented by a matrix whose entries are regular functions on \(M\). If , at a point of \(M\), the rank of that matrix is smaller than its generic value, we say that point is in the singular locus of that morphism. The following construction has been introduced by MacPherson: Let \(e_2\) be the rank of \(E_2\) and let us write \(G=\text{Grass}_{e_2} (E_2\oplus E_1)\) for the Grassmann bundle of \(e_2\)-dimensional subspace of the vector bundle \(E_2\oplus E_1\). Consider the embedding \((\mathbb{C}\) is the complex line) \[ \Gamma:M \times\mathbb{C}\to G\times \mathbb{P}^1 \mathbb{C},\quad \Gamma(x,\lambda) =\bigl(\text{graph} (\lambda d_x),\;(1: \lambda) \bigr). \] Let \(W\) be the closure of \(\Gamma(M \times\mathbb{C})\). Now \(W\) is an algebraic variety, which comes equipped with two natural projections: \(\pi: W\to M\), induced by that of the bundle \(G\) and \(p:W\to\mathbb{P}^1\mathbb{C}\), the restriction of the projection of \(G\times\mathbb{P}^1\mathbb{C}\) on its second factor. The scheme \(Z_\infty= p^{-1}((0:1)) \subset W\) is canonically embedded in \(G\), by \(Z_\infty \hookrightarrow G\times\{ (0:1)\} \cong G\) and the restriction of \(\pi\) to \(Z_\infty\) coincides with the restriction of the natural projection \(G \to M\). The pullback of the tautological bundle on \(G\) by the projection \(\eta: G\times\mathbb{P}^1 \mathbb{C}\to G\) is a bundle on \(G\times \mathbb{P}^1 \mathbb{C}\) whose restriction to \(W\) is denoted \(\Xi\). Set \(\xi= \Xi|_{Z_\infty}\). Definition 1. The collection of space, maps and bundle \((W,\pi,p, \Xi)\) will be called the graph construction for the morphism \(d\). The triple \((Z_\infty,\pi |Z_\infty, \xi)\) will be the scheme at infinity for the morphism \(d\). Definition 2. Let \({\mathcal G}\) be a coherent sheaf on \(M\). The ideal \({\mathcal I} ({ \mathcal G})\subset {\mathcal O}_{M\times \mathbb{P}^1 \mathbb{C}}\) is defined by \({\mathcal I} ({\mathcal G})|_{M \times U_0}= {\mathcal O}_{M \times U_0}\), \({\mathcal I}({\mathcal G}) |_{M \times U_\infty}= \sum^\infty_{j=0} ((\mu/\nu)^j) \text{Fitt}_{j+ \text{rk}{ \mathcal G}}({\mathcal G}){\mathcal O}_{{\mathcal M}\times U_\infty}\) Theorem 3. Let \(d:E_2 \to E_1\) be a morphism of vector bundles on \(M\), \({\mathcal G}\) be the CoKer(\(d\))-cokernel sheaf of the morphism \(d\). Then the graph construction \(W\) for the morphism \(d\) is canonically isomorphic to the blow-up of \(M\times \mathbb{P}^1 \mathbb{C}\) in the ideal \({\mathcal I}({\mathcal G})\) defined above: \[ W\cong\text{Bl}_{{\mathcal I} ({\mathcal G})} (M\times \mathbb{P}^1 \mathbb{C}). \] By this we understand that also the natural projections of these two spaces on \(M\times \mathbb{P}^1 \mathbb{C}\) coincide. In particular \(W\) depends only on CoKer\((d)\). Corollary 4. Under the same assumptions as before, \(Z_\infty\) is isomorphic to the total transform of \(M \times \{\infty\}\) in the blow-up of \(M\times\mathbb{P}^1 \mathbb{C}\) in the ideal \({\mathcal I} ({\mathcal G})\). For the entire collection see [Zbl 0871.00035].
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