scientific article; zbMATH DE number 1089681
Complex spaces (32C15) General higher-order partial differential equations and systems of higher-order partial differential equations (35G99) General geometric structures on manifolds (almost complex, almost product structures, etc.) (53C15) Differentiable manifolds, foundations (58A05) Vector distributions (subbundles of the tangent bundles) (58A30) Einstein's equations (general structure, canonical formalism, Cauchy problems) (83C05) Einstein-Maxwell equations (83C22)
The present work is made up of two parts, according to the problems we pursue. In the first part we construct the geometric apparatus that we need, while in the second part we use this apparatus in order to solve the problem of determining the elementary solutions of a certain class of systems of partial differential equations which frequently appear in theoretical physics. First Part: Geometric structures attached to certain PDE systems. Introduction. The local character of the existence and unicity theorems from the PDE theory makes unsuitable the direct use of those Hamilton-Lagrange spaces whose geometric structures have a global character. This fact imposed their extension by introducing the notions of space with local Hamilton structure and space with local Lagrange structure, whose definitions and properties are described in \S 1. In \S 2 we define the PDE systems class, which we shall deal with; we also describe the way of associating to each system of this class, by its characteristic form, a space with local Hamilton structure and also a space with local Cartan structure. In \S 3 we define the duals of these spaces, that is a space with local Lagrange structure and a space with local Finsler structure, respectively. In \S 4 we study the variational problem associated to the spaces defined in \S 2 and \S 3. In \S 5 we define the notion of geodesic distance on the spaces with local Lagrange structure which we previously defined. In \S 6 there are defined the characteristic hypersurfaces of the PDE systems we shall deal with and their properties are studied. Second Part: Elementary solutions. Introduction. Within this part of the paper we use the geometry of the spaces with local Hamilton structure and the geometry of the spaces with local Lagrange structure in order to present an algorithm that effectively gives the elementary solutions of algebraic singularity for the class of non-parabolic systems of the form (2.1) (see the paper). Besides its obvious theoretical value, this result has an important practical value, since many of the equations of mathematical physics may be reduced by some convenient transformations to systems from the named class. Among them, we can name the famous Einstein's equations from gravitational field theory or Maxwell and Dirac's equations from electromagnetical field theory.
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