Uniqueness and existence of positive solutions for, weakly coupled general sublinear systems
This paper is concerned with the weakly coupled system \[ -d_1 \Delta u=au +bv- m_1(x) f(u), \quad- d_2\Delta v=cu +dv- m_2(x) g(v) \] in a bounded domain \(\Omega\subset \mathbb{R}^n\), \(n\geq 1\), and Dirichlet data \(u=v=0\) on the smooth boundary \(\partial \Omega\). The coefficients \(a,b,c,d \in\mathbb{R}\) satisfy \(b>0\), \(c>0\), and the functions \(m_1\), \(m_2\in C^\alpha (\overline \Omega)\) are assumed to be nonnegative in \(\Omega\) and strictly positive in a subdomain \(\Omega_+ \Subset \Omega\) with smooth boundary \(\partial \Omega_+\). The nonlinearities \(f,g: \mathbb{R}\to \mathbb{R}\) are continuously differentiable and nondecreasing in \(\mathbb{R}^+\). Suppose additionally \(f(0)= g(0)= f'(0)= g'(0) =0\), and \(f(s)/s\), \(g(s)/s\) are strictly increasing for \(s>0\) with \(\lim_{s\to\infty} f(s)/s= \lim_{s\to\infty} g(s)/s= \infty\). Let \[ L=\left( \begin{matrix} -d_1 \Delta & 0 \\ 0 & -d_2\Delta \end{matrix} \right), \quad A= \left (\begin{matrix} a & b \\ c & d\end{matrix} \right), \] and \(\lambda^\Omega\), \(\lambda^{\Omega \setminus \overline {\Omega_+}}\) be the principal eigenvalues of the operator \(L-A\) with respect to the domains \(\Omega\), \(\Omega \setminus \overline {\Omega_+}\). Applying the maximum principle for cooperative systems, the author proves the existence of a positive solution if and only if \(\lambda^\Omega <0< \lambda^{\Omega \setminus \overline {\Omega_+}}\). Moreover, this solution is proved to be unique and linearly stable.
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