scientific article; zbMATH DE number 1139285

Authors

Publication date 13 April 1998

Full work available at URL https://eudml.org/doc/231405, http://www.emis.de/journals/SWJPAM/vol1-96.html

Hausdorff metric orbital complete proximal subset weakly commuting mappings

Fixed-point theorems (47H10) Set-valued maps in general topology (54C60) Fixed-point and coincidence theorems (topological aspects) (54H25)

Review text

Let \((X,d)\) be a metric space. A subset \(K\) of \(X\) is said to be proximal if for each \(x\in X\), there exists a point \(y\in K\) such that \(d(x,y)=d(x,A)\), where \(d(x,A)=\inf\{d(x,y):y\in A\}\). Then \(P_X(X)=\{A:A\) is non-empty proximal subset of \(X\}\). In [\textit{S. Sessa}, Publ. Inst. Math., Nouv. Ser. 32(46), 149-153 (1982; Zbl 0523.54030)] the concept of weak commutativity for single-valued mappings is introduced. In [\textit{S. Sessa, M. S. Khan} and \textit{M. Imdad}, Glas. Mat., III. Ser. 21(41), 225-235 (1986; Zbl 0603.54046)] this concept is extended to the setting of single-valued mapping and multivalued mapping on a metric space. The mappings \(f:X\to Y\) and multivalued \(S\) are said to be weakly commuting if \(H(fSx,Sfx)\leq d(fx,Sx)\), \(\forall x\in X\), where \(H\) is the Hausdorff-Pompeiu metric. Recently, non-linear hybrid contractions, that is, a contraction type involving single-valued and multivalued mappings, have been studied by \textit{O. Hadžić} [Stud. Univ. Babeş-Bolyai, Math. 26, No. 4, 65-67 (1981; Zbl 0506.54041)], \textit{T. Kubiak} [ibid. 30, 65-68 (1985; Zbl 0579.54037)], \textit{V. Popa} [Zb. Rad., Prir.-Mat. Fak., Univ. Novom Sadu, Ser. Mat. 18, No. 1, 149-156 (1988; Zbl 0714.54041)], \textit{B. E. Rhoades, S. L. Singh} and \textit{C. Kulshrestha} [Int. J. Math. Math. Sci. 7, 429-434 (1984; Zbl 0571.54034)], and others. In this paper the authors prove the existence of a solution of functional equations \(f_i x\in Sx\cap Tx\) and \(x=f_i x\in Sx\cap Tx\) under certain nonlinear hybrid contraction and asymptotic regularity conditions. Let \(\mathcal F\) be the family of all mappings \(\varphi\) from the set \(\mathbb{R}^+\) of non-negative real numbers to itself such that \(\varphi\) is upper semicontinuous, non-decreasing and \(\varphi(t)<t\) for any \(t>0\). The main result of this paper, Theorem 3.1, generalizes some results of V. Popa and Rhoades et al. [loc. cit.]. Theorem 3.1. Let \(S\) and \(T\) be multivalued mappings from a metric space \(X\) into \(P_X(X)\) and let \(\{f_i\}\) be a family of continuous mappings from \(X\) into itself such that (1) \(S(X)\cup T(X)\subset f_i(X)\) for each \(i\in \mathbb{N}\), (2) \(H^2(Sx,Ty)\leq \varphi(\max(d(f_ix,Sx)\cdot d(f_jy,Ty), d(f_ix,Ty)\cdot d(f_jy,Sx)\), \(\frac{1}{2} (d(f_ix,Sx)\cdot d(f_ix,Ty)+ d(f_jy,Sx)\cdot d(f_jy,Ty)),d^2(f_ix,f_jy)))\) for each \(x,y\in X\), \(i,j\in \mathbb{N}\), \(i\neq j\) and \(\varphi\in {\mathcal F}\). (3) \(\varphi(t)\leq qt\) for each \(t>0\) and for some \(q\in (0,1)\), (4) there exists a point \(x_0\in X\) such that the pair \((S,T)\) is asymptotically regular at \(x_0\), and (5) for each \(i\in \mathbb{N}\), \(f_i(x)\) is \((S,T,f_i,x_0)\)-orbitally complete. Then (a) \(f_i\), \(S\) and \(T\) have a coincidence point in \(X\). If \(z\) is a coincidence point of \(f_i\), \(S\) and \(T\) and \(f_iz\) is a fixed point of \(f_i\), then we have (b) \(f_iz\) is also a fixed point of \(S\) provided \(f_i\) is weakly commuting with \(S\) at \(z\) for every \(i\in \mathbb{N}\) for any odd \(j\in \mathbb{N}\), (c) \(f_iz\) is also a fixed point of \(T\) provided \(f_i\) is weakly commuting with \(T\) at \(z\). (d) \(f_iz\) is a common fixed point of \(S\) and \(T\) provided \(f_i\) is weakly commuting with each of \(S\) and \(T\) at \(z\).

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